Introduction _______________________________________________________ 3.

1. Biography _____________________________________________________ 4

2. Theoretical philosophy Solovyov ________________________________ 8

3. Troublery in the philosophy V. Solovyov _____________________________ 11

4. The doctrine of God of God ____________________________________ 13

5. Cosmology Vladimir Solovyov __________________________________ 15

Conclusion _____________________________________________________ 18.

Dictionary _______________________________________________________ 19.

References ______________________________________________________________________

Introduction

A significant role and impact on the development of global philosophy at the turn of the XIX - XX V.V. The work of outstanding Russian philosophers V. Rozanova, D. Merezhkovsky, N. Berdyaev, Vladimir Solovyova, S. Bulgakov, and others. Russian religious philosophy of this period, modern philosophers are discharged a completely unique role, since As part of this philosophy, the ideological results of the centuries-old history of Russia's development were summed up.

Vladimir Soloviev was one of the founders of classical Russian philosophy, it combined enough contradictory life principles, philosophical thoughts, the harmonic unity of the word and the case, the spirit of teachings and life practices. His philosophy is imbued with good, love and humanity, despite the freshers and flour of the protracted transformations in Russia.

The philosopher and poet, who placed the foundation in the whole direction in Russian poetry of the late XIX - beginning of XXVV., Solovyov was an extraordinary person in the full sense of the word. Contemporaries hit his appearance and his mind.

The views of Vladimir Solovyov had a great influence of Christian literature, as well as the ideas of neoplatonism, theosophy and other religious-philosophical systems. He borrowed a lot from German philosophers and Slavophiles.

The desire of Vladimir Solovyov to smooth the contradictions between faith and knowledge, between religion and science makes his views very peculiar. By bringing together all the knowledge of man, faith, religion, philosophy and science, Solovyov discovered the path to understanding a person, not only as the creatures of the "knowledgeing", but also as a creature endowed with faith, the ability to go to go and freedom to act. Solovyov himself saw his task in defending the purity and truth of Christianity.

Solovyov Vladimir Sergeevich

(1853-1900)

Outstanding Russian religious philosopher, prose, poet, publicist, one of the most original and deep end thinkers XIX. in.

Vladimir Sergeevich Soloviev was born in the family of the famous historian Sergey Mikhailovich Solovyov, the author of the monumental "history of Russia from ancient times", January 16, 1853.

In the young years, nothing gave the future religious thinker in Vladimir Solovyov. Rather, he could predict the natural science career. "It was a typical nihilist of the 60s," the buddy testifies. Yes, and the philosopher himself recognized that he did not believe in the divinity of Christ, "became desist , and then atheist and materialist "I received a secondary education in the 5th Moscow gymnasium, graduating with a gold medal. Then, at the insistence, he came first at the historical and philological faculty, but quickly moved to the physico-mathematical. Here the transformation began.

"...The science It can not be the last goal of life, "he writes his cousin Kate Romanova. - Higher true goal Life is another - moral (or religious), for which science serves as one of the funds. "He sees his life task to reform Christianity, to identify his genuine, humane essence, clothe in a modern form, make the general property.

He leaves natural sciences, externally refers to the historical and philological department and, having received a diploma, comes by a free listener to the Great Academy. His "First Love in Philosophy" was spinosa. Second, more significant hobby - Shopenhauer. But the main philosophical sympathies that he sweat throughout his life belonged to shelling. Stripping from Schelling, using its terminology, thinking about the problems they put, he will build its own viewing system.

A distinctive feature of Solovyov as a thinker was a high historical and philosophical culture. This manifested itself in his master's thesis "The crisis of Western philosophy (against positivist)", which he defended at the age of twenty one year. Here for the first time Solovyov formulated his favorite idea unity-synthesis , fusion of cultures. He will carry this idea through his life.

Soon after defending, the young Master was already at the Department of Moscow University and read the introductory lecture to the course of the history of the modern philosophy. His patron, Professor P.D. Jurkevich, died, and, according to the will of the deceased, Solovyov became his successor. At the same years, the poetic gift of the philosopher is found.

To replenish the education and research work of young private affiliates, they are sent to England ... He diligently works in the British Museum. But then something is superffected with him. If you believe that later he described in the poem "three dates", he (fascinating spiritualism) was herself Sofia Divine Wisdom And commanded to go to Egypt. There he again squinting her - in the desert, where he almost died from the hands of Bedouins, who took him for an unclean. In Cairo, where Solovyov spent the winter, he began writing a "Sofia" dialogue. This is the first attempt to set out your views.

Returning to Russia, Solovyov proceeds to the systematization of his ideas. In Moscow University he reads a course of logic and history of philosophy, it works on the doctoral thesis, which protects against the age of twenty-seven years. The thesis is called "criticism of distracted began." In early 1878, Solovyov reads the cycle of public lectures on the philosophy of religion, which will publish under the name "reading about God". The lectures had a noisy success, the entire form of the capital went "on Solovyov". In the "readings ..." Solovyov is already critical of both the Western and Eastern Christianity, recognizing the merits of every religion at the same time. The West fosted the idea of \u200b\u200bindividuality, embodied in the image of the "Bohelovka". East created the idea of \u200b\u200b"manoboga", the personification of universalism. The task is to bring together both Christian principles. The idea of \u200b\u200bsynthesis owns Solovyov's mind, before he defended her in philosophy, now transfers to religious affairs, which in the near future hesitate him entirely. At his idea of \u200b\u200bthe God, I will stop a little later.

Despite all his works, he never became a professor. St. Petersburg University held it as before in private affiliation, soon he himself refused to teach. Solovyov was not sitting in one place, he always led the unrelated life of the wanderer.

In the work of Solovyov, a new stage begins. He retracts (for a while) philosophical surveys and appeals entirely to the problems of religion. The association of churches - Orthodox and Catholic - this is, in his opinion, an urgent task. Yesterday Slavophil, he convinces his compatriots in the goodness of Latin, and Catholics proves the rightness of Orthodoxy. But it gets from those and others.

"Criticism of the abstract began" contained the presentation of the first two parts of its system - ethics and the theories of knowledge. Now he begins to work on a third part - aesthetics. The last decade of Solovyov's life is the most fruitful. Solovyov's talent reached the top. During these years, inspired articles about the poetry of Tyutchev and Pushkin, the "meaning of love" - \u200b\u200bthe philosophical anthem with a high feeling, "three conversations", where irony and parody in half with the apocalypse, and the chief work of the philosopher - "justification of goodness".

But the forces are undermined. After going to the next journey, Solovyov got sick. It is brought into the near Moscow estate of the princes of Trubetsky narrow. Here he overtakes death.

2. Theoretical philosophy Solovyov

Overcoming the crisis in which the philosophical theism and slavophilism became the main thing about the religious philosopher Vladimir Solovyov. His system was a new stage in the evolution of religious philosophy, the followers of which tried to make it ideologically active at the beginning of the century. At the heart of Solovyov, the following cardinal aspirations were following: "Unity" "Harmonic synthesis of religion, science and philosophy"; combine rational, empirical and mystical types of knowledge; submit history as a process "God-human" ; Specify the ways of social update and activation.

Vladimir Solovyov outlined his philosophical worldview in the treatise "philosophical starts of solid knowledge", which can be considered according to the current definitions of the best example of philosophical classics, as the doctrine of sUBBY , genesis and idea . It is its own decent of development that he has already applied to humanity as a whole. The category of development should be applied to the whole world, and to being in general. The body is unity and wholeness . Consequently, all being also has unity and integrity. For Solovyov, a much more full-fledged philosophy is philosophy mystical But she too often turns out to be connected with naturalism, then with idealism. Therefore, she, according to Solovyov, requires a completely new development.

It is very important to give yourself aware that Solovyov understands under mysticism. "The subject of mystical philosophy is not a world of phenomena , convergent to our sensations, and not a world of ideas agreeable to our thoughts, and live reality creatures in their internal life relationships; This philosophy is engaged not an external order of phenomena , and internal order of beings And their lives, which is determined by their attitude to the essence of the original. " Solovyov "Mysticism" is easy the theory of being and life as a universal and holistic organism, If you do not enter any details.

Difference between the philosophical terminology and the philosophical essence of the case in Vladimir Solovyov is constantly observed. For example, under such a term as "Church", you need to understand Vladimir Solovyov, according to his teaching, primarily the universal integrity of being, or, as he says alliance . Therefore, if you consider critically to the terminology of Vladimir Solovyov, then completely nothing terrible and terrible will not be in this "mysticism" or in this "unity" or in "integrity" and in this "church". There is just a doctrine of life and being, including all the human and the entire space sphere, as an irregular and all integrity. Teaching This is motivated by the purely life of a person who wants to overcome the imperfection of life and remake it in order to better.

Naught being Vladimir Solovyov understands at least two, if not in three meanings. He is clearly mentioned about the opposite existing and genesis As we stated above. Suit Above all separateness, and being There is a separateness and multiplicity. Now it turns out that genesis It also needs to distinguish between two different being. One - the perfect needed and the fact that the philosopher calls essence . Other - real, valid and the fact that the philosopher calls nature. . To say that all this separation is quite clear, it is impossible. Suit , dismembering, becomes an idea or, as the philosopher says, Logo, And this idea, or Logos. , carried out, creates real reality . Here you can understand so that Logos. There are only "Act of manifestations or revelations", and idea - The very manifest and open supreme. In the general table of the analyzed categories, we also find a triple division: Absolute, Logos, Idea .

It is not very safe here is also the case with the category Logos. . Logos. dismembered by interior , or hidden, logo and open , or manifest, logo. Moreover, the philosopher suddenly says for some reason about "visibility", or "ghostly", this second logo. The case is confused even more when the philosopher speaks about the third Logos, "Improved or concrete", Which he calls Christ. After all christianity thinks of Christ as the embodiment of the Logos in sensual matter .

"A third or concrete logo answers a specific idea, or Sofia " In other words, the pure idea also contains some clean matter and in aggregate with this matter is Sofia. But what kind of matter in a clean idea, you can only guess.

3. Troublery in the philosophy of Solovyov

Of all its main triads, Solovyov stops in more detail only at one - Being, being, essence. This is the most triple division, it also represents in this form: Absolute, Logos, Idea . Since, however, the wholeness involves the existence of everything in everything, then in each of these three categories, the same three categories are repeated again. The following table is obtained:

Since the integrity implies the existence of everything in everything, then in each of these three categories, the same three categories are repeated again. "... Suit as such, or as an absolute, is spirit like logo it is mind And as an idea it is shower and. The second main category, namely being taken as absolute will like logo representation And as an idea it is feeling . The same triple division we find in the field essence . Namely essence As the absolute is good like logo true , and as an idea - the beauty " That is, these three main categories are in mutual relationship , Namely, that every category, firstly, there is she herself, secondly, it reflects the second and, thirdly, is the third category. Thus, these three categories, reflecting each other, are already transformed into 9 categories. And if these three categories are not turned into 9, then it will break the basic principle of unity , namely the one that everything is in everything.

Troughness Filmed by Vladimir Solovyov in completely defined traditional Christian tones. God exists absolute Subject who is above all its manifestations; He is the manifestation of himself, since otherwise he would be just nothing; And this is manifested and produced in it at the same time not excellent from him, returns to him, it is also itself, but just like a living. Orthodoxy there is nothing to object here. This is the traditional Orthodox dogma about three horses.

4. The doctrine of girlfriend

The doctrine developed by Solovyov's doctrine occupies an important place in his religious system. It is aimed at interpreting the history of mankind and a common life. For Solovyov Bogochlovek - This is a one-time universal creature, covering all humanity through God. It expresses unity good, truth and beauty . Pursuing the goal of improving a person, God manifested itself in the earthly historical process in the form of Godchildren - Jesus Christ . "With his word and the feat of his life, I started with the victory over all the temptations of moral evil and ended with the resurrection, i.e. the victory over the evil is physically - on the law of death and decline, - the real God of God opened the kingdom of God."

Central in the teachings of Solovyov is the idea of \u200b\u200b"the evergenous". The latter is considered as the sphere of absolute, divine, and the real world - as its self-determination and embodiment (the intermediary between them is the so-called world Soul , or Sofia , wisdom of God).

That is, in the Solovyov world consists of: alliance (public element) and from material element . This element is committed to alliance And it becomes for them when unites himself and God. Such formation alliance And is the development of the world. Unconditional alliance (as a perfect ontological synthesis truth, good and beauty) is comprehended by Solovyov, only whole knowledge that is a connection mystical, rational (philosophical) and empirical (scientific) knowledge. Moreover, the basis of this whole Knowledge is a mystical knowledge: vera in the unconditional existence of the subject of knowledge; intuition (imagination, giving the true idea of \u200b\u200bthe subject); creation (Implementing this idea in these experience).

The world of Solovyov undergoes two stages of its development: nature and history . The final result of this development process is the celebration of the Kingdom of God , the so-called "Universal Resurrection and Restoration of All".

Person It acts as a certain link between the divine and natural world due to the fact that it is a moral being a creature. Man's life is "In the service of good - clean, comprehensive and all-witted" . He who is committed to improving in moral good he goes to absolute perfection . On this Solovyov and basics its ethics: a person is moral, if he freely subordinates his will to ministry absolute Dobr , that is, God, and strives for the arrangement of the Godchild Kingdom.

The historical process for Solovyov is joint existence of good . In this regard, he considered the problem of the ratio of a separate personality and society. He believed that society There is a supplemented and expanded personality, and personality - Compressed society. "

I would like to note another feature of both the church and political and philosophical-national quests Vladimir Solovyov during the 80s. It is: despite all the enthusiasm and psychological pathos of the philosopher, its designs have some kind utopian and still soft-utopian character. The advantage of Roman Catholicism, Vladimir Soloviev really preached. But, on the other hand, he himself did not go to Catholicism and did not even consider it necessary. Moreover. The real transition from Orthodoxy to Catholicism has seen him as a deep mistake and delusion. Russia he loved her very much and his world role was put forward to the fore. But here he had neither Slavophilia, no Westernity. There was no completely messiarism, since all other nations, too, in his opinion, participate in construction church of universe . Yes, and this itself universal Church Rather, he was a socio-historical and cosmic ideal for Vladimir Solovyov, which he interpreted a very fristed way.

At the end of life, having broken down in the possibility of implementing world theocracy , Solovyov came to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe catastrophic end of the history of mankind, to eSChatology .

5. Cosmology Vladimir Solovyov

Metaphysics Solovyov is displayed by them from the general teaching about the Absolute, and here he peculiarly combines Schelling with Spinoza, in some places introducing elements of Platonism. At cosmology, although it was determined in the basic principles of his metaphysics, Solovyov, undoubtedly, was more independent, repeatedly processed its constructions, and it was with cosmology that the influence of Solovyov in the following sections of Russian thought was most connected. The doctrine of the soul of the world, about Sofia at Solovyov in its essence cosmologically. At the same time, the problem of evil and chaos is connected with Solovyov; This problem tormented him all his life, adopting a particularly acute character in the last years of life.

For the study of Solovyov's cosmology, two of his books are important - "Readings about the Godrod and" Russia, and the Universal Church ".

Nature, for the teachings of Solovyov, at the same time multiple and one. On the one hand, it reigns the beginning of the disunity - space and time separated the points of being from each other. The variety in nature is, in essence, the repetition of the initial diversity in the field of ideas, and in this sense, nature is not different from the Absolute. But no wonder she is his "Other"; Let in nature the same elements as in the origin, but they are in it "in the short relationship": mutual displacement, enmity and struggle, "Inner Maintenance" detect a dark basis in nature, then a chaotic beginning, which is characteristic of "extra-heartable being " At the same time, the strength that fuses in nature does not destroy it; Nature retains its unity, chaos is constantly tamed by nature itself, which is generally genuine space. Thus arise before us, there are thus two tasks: understand the very occurrence of a real multiplicity, "to derive conditional from unconditional", and on the other hand, to understand what the condition of unity in nature.

Let us turn first to the first topic.

We already know that, according to Solovyov, one ideal multiplicity is not enough for initially, which needs (for the manifestation of love) in real life. "The Divine Being cannot be consistent with the eternal contemplation of ideal entities - it stops on each of them individually, approves its independent being." The real multiplicity is required to initially, the internal dialectic of which leads to the emergence of separation, and therefore the disunity in real life. "Every creature," Solovyov writes, "loses his immediate unity with the deity, receives the action of the Divine Will for himself and in it acquires live validity. This is no longer the ideal creatures of ideas, and living beings with their own reality. " The beginning of the self-optimal, leaving its roots in the divine, it turns out to be infinite.

But the real multiplicity does not exclude the unity of nature - this unity is implemented by the "world soul". This concept of the "World Soul", created for the first time by Plato, was not included in Christian metaphysics, but already in medieval philosophy, it gradually conquers its former place in cosmology, and since Renaissance quite a few hottest defenders finds, although there is a sharply dismantling with a mechanical understanding of nature, as It began to fix from the 14th century. Solovyov takes it, it is clear, Schelling, but it goes much further than him. "The soul of the world," says Solovyov, "there is one and all - it occupies a place between the multiplicity of living beings and the unconditional unity of the Divine." To this formal definition of the concept of "soul of the world", another features characterizing the functions of the world soul are joined. First of all, the "soul of the world is a living focus of all creatures - a judicial subject of creative existence"; It is this concept of the world soul from Solovyov passed to a number of Russian thinkers. At the same time, the concept of the world soul is already in the "readings ..." is used by Solovyov to explain the indigenous dualism in being. Combining the world and guarding him in unity, the soul of the world itself opposes the Absolute and opposes peace to him. "The soul of the world has a dual creature: it enters into itself and the divine start and creature being, but, without defining neither the other, is free." This moment of freedom is introduced by Solovyov to disclose how split in the absolute turns into a dualistic opposition of the world by the Absolute. "Having" all ", the world soul may want to possess them differently than possesses, maybe wanting them from themselves, i.e. like God". But she lost her freedom in relation to creation, lost power over him. The unity of the universe breaks down, the world body turns into a mechanical set of atoms; The whole creature is subjected to fuss and slavery ... by the will of the world soul, as a single free start of natural life ... a free act of the world soul, united by her world disappeared from the Divine and collapsed to many warring elements. "

We will not follow now behind the steps of the cosmological process, in which gradually, although with effort, is overcome inner distribution in Genesis. It is important that when a person appears on Earth, a deep and significant change comes in the history of the world - the world soul is revealed in a new action and the meaning in man - moreover, not in a separate person, but in humanity, as a whole. The soul of the world is revealed as "perfect humanity", and therefore over the space process, which goes in the world before, is a historical process, driven by the same world soul (now named Sofia). The world soul, by nature, its involved deity, seeking through the cosmogonic process to overcome dualism (in which she herself is guilty), reunites with the deity, more precisely, with Logos. This reunification is carried out in consciousness and reaches its completion in Christ - the "central and perfect personal manifestation of Sofia."

Conclusion

In one of the articles, Solovyov argues that he does not have his teaching, apparently, believing that everything written by him is just a comment on that truth that shone our people for nine centuries to him. He is right in the sense that his views not only do not fall out of the spiritual tradition of Russia, but to some extent, they absorb all the life-quality, which is contained. But this is done with such a depth, sequence and gloss, which we can (and should) recognize for the Solovyov merit of the creator of the original philosophical system.

For such a short life period, Vladimir Solovyov managed only to outline the most common contours of his theoretical philosophy, but on the specified path, almost the entire subsequent philosophy of the God of God went. Speaking for the development of scientific knowledge, and sincerely seeking the development of science in Russia, the philosopher still believed that it would never lead a person to understanding the meaning of the universe.

Nature and the story were forced him to get along too quickly from the historical scene, as he died quite still unstable man - at the age of 47, but also what he managed to do in this area, he deserves from our side not only serious criticism, but also as Serious worship.

DICTIONARY:

Atheism - The system of views, denying faith in supernatural (perfume, gods, afterlife, etc.); denial of all religion.

Deism - The doctrine that recognizes the existence of God as an impersonal root cause of the world, which is also developing in its own laws.

Slavophiles - Representatives of the conservative political and idealistic philosophical flow of the Russian public thought of the CIC century, which undertook to substantiate the need for a special (compared to Western European) route of development of Russia.

Theology - Theology, systematization of the creed of this religion. It is divided into the main theology, dogmatic theology, moral theology, the doctrine of the church, etc.

Theism - The religious philosophical teaching, which recognizes the existence of a personal God as a supernatural being, which has a mind and will and the mysteriously affecting all material and spiritual processes. All that happens in the world is considered as the implementation of divine fishery. Admitted the connection of God with a man.

ESChatology - Religious doctrine on the end destinies of peace and humanity, about the end of the world and a terrible court.

LIST OF REFERENCES:

1. Kuvakin V.A. Philosophy Vl. Solovyov. - m.; "Knowledge", 1988.

2. Losev A.F. Vl. Solovyov. - m.; "Thought", 1983.

3. Losev A.F. Vladimir Solovyov and his time. - m.; "Progress", 1990.

4. Fundamentals of philosophy: Tutorial for universities / hands. author. Call. and answer ed. E. V. Popov. - m.; Humanite. ed. Center Vlados, 1997. - 320 p.

5. Radugin A. A. Philosophy: course of lectures. - 2nd ed., Pererab. and addition. - m.; Center, 1998. - 272 p.

6. Rashkovsky E.B. Vl. Solovyov. The doctrine of the nature of philosophical knowledge. / Questions philosophy, 1982, № 6.

7. Modern philosophical dictionary. / Ed. Ph.D., prof. V.E. Kemerova. - 1996. - 608 p.

8. One hundred Russian philosophers. Bibliographic dictionary. Cost. and ed. HELL. Sukhov, - m.; "Mirta", 1995.

9. Trubetskaya E. Mirosoznaya Vl. S. Solovyova. T. 1-2. - m.; 1913.

10. Philosophy: Tutorial for universities / ed. V.N. Lavrinenko. - m.; Original, 1996. - 512 p.

Solovyov Vladimir Sergeevich. January 28, 1853 - August 13, 1900.
(according to old style: January 16, 1853 - July 31, 1900).

Abstract works of Vladimir Solovyov:

📖 Master's dissertation Vl. S. Solovyov, protected on November 24, 1874 at the University of St. Petersburg. Recognition of one-sidedness and therefore the inexpections of both purely rationalistic and purely empirical directions in Western thought leads to Solovyov, to the requirement of a true method that gives one-piece knowledge, as well as to the assistance as an absolute initial instead of the previous abstract entities and the hat (reason, experience, Concept, will, unconscious, etc.) of a particular all-spirited spirit.
📖 Three indigenous powers are controlled by human development. The first seeks to subordinate humanity to the same Supreme Start. Another seeks to give everywhere freedom. The third force gives an internal quiet life. I understand the Muslim East, Western civilization and the world of Slavic.

📖 The goal of human existence is the formation of an all-sized universal organization in the form of whole creativity, or free theurgy, whole knowledge or free theosophy and a solid society, or free theocracy. V.Solovyev undertaken a systematic presentation of those ideas that should be based on solid knowledge. Free theosophy or whole knowledge is not one of the directions or types of philosophy, but should represent the highest condition of the whole philosophy as in the internal synthesis of the three main directions - mysticism, rationalism and empiricalism.The subject of free theosophy has true-judicial. The goal of true philosophy is to promote in its field, that is, in the field of knowledge, the movement of the Center for Human Being from its nature in the absolute, transcendental world, in other words - internal connecting it with true-judicial. Free theosophy in general there is knowledge that has the subject true in its objective manifestation, the goal is the internal connection of a person with true, material - data of human experience in all its views.
📖 "Reading about the Godchildren" - one of the most significant works in the large-scale creative heritage of Solovyov, a work in which his Christian neoplatonism, intertwined with the new European idealistic concept and mysticism, creates an amazingly slender and uniform theory of peace and humanity in it - humanity, which, According to the philosopher, you should strive only to the coming merger with the Divine, the highest start ...

📖 Truth, as a live strength, mastering the inner being of a person and truly withdrawing him from false self-affirmation, is called love. Love, as a valid abolition of egoism, is a valid excuse and salvation of individuality. The meaning of human love at all is justification and the salvation of individuality through the victim of egoism. The meaning and dignity of love as feelings is that it forces us really to all our creature to admit after another that unconditional central significance, which, by virtue of egoism, we only feel in ourselves. Love is important not as one of our senses, but as the transfer of all of our vital interest from yourself to another as the rearrangement of the very center of our personal life. The image of God in love is concluded specifically and vital. We must recognize the visibility of the image of God in the material world, the beginning of the embodiment of the true ideal humanity.
📖 Remembering in its historical sins and meet the requirements of justice, renounce national egoism, refusing a policy of Russification and recognizing religious freedom without reservations - this is the only means for Russia. The Russian idea can not be anything else, as a certain aspect of the idea of \u200b\u200bChristian. We do not need to act against other nations, but with them for them. Three main existing forces: Universal High Priest, Sovereign, Prophet. The consent and harmonic effect of these three main factors is the first condition for true progress.
📖 Perfect art in its final task should embody the absolute ideal not in one imagination, but should inspire, to recover our actual life. Beauty is needed for the execution of good in the material world, for only she enlightens and dodes the unlimited darkness of this world.Any evil can be reduced to the violation of mutual solidarity and equilibrium of parts and the whole; And besides, any lies and any disgrace is reduced. Any sensible image of any subject and phenomenon in terms of its final state, or in the light of the future world, is an artistic work.
📖 Lyrical poetry after music represents the most direct revelation of the human soul. Her subject is the essential beauty of world phenomena. Lyrics stop at the deep moments of the consonance of the artistic soul with the true meaning of world and vital phenomena; In real lyrics, more than anywhere (except for music) the artist's soul merges with this subject or phenomenon in one inhabitual state. This is the first sign of lyrical poetry, its incessia. The eternal beauty of nature and the infinite power of love - and make up the main content of pure lyrics.
📖 No holiness can only be personal, she certainly has love for others, and in the conditions of earthly reality, this love is mainly compassion. True love or pity cannot be limited to one inner feeling, but must certainly be expressed in affairs, - in actual help of foreign suffering. The most moral beginning prescribes us to take care of the general good, since without this care for personal morality becomes selfish, that is, immoral. The commandment of moral perfection is given to us forever in the Word of God, and is given, of course, not so that we told her like a parrot or diluted with a bolts, but in order for us to do anything for its implementation in that environment in which We live, i.e., in other words, the moral principle should certainly be embodied in social activities. If the Russian national ideal is really Christian, then it should be the ideal of public truth and progress, that is, the practical implementation of Christianity in the world.
📖 Speake now, then it will be too late. Sin is your one in two kinds. You renounced true Christianity and instead of soften and eliminate old historical resentment, sharing humanity, you have become aggravated in every way to agreed and multiply by new inventions. While you tried to destroy all the "alien" in the name of your own, you actually forgot about it, about the real good of our people and did not do anything to him. You did not do anything - not only for the spiritual education of the people in the Christian truth, but even for its physical food, to ensure the urgent bread. And all the current and all the upcoming suffering of this nation - on your conscience, your sin. And the first your duty is to repent, and the second is to show repentance in practice. Gather, organize for good, as you know how to get together and organize your strength for the work of harmful or dubious. For good deeds, we have not been going for a long time.
📖 Whole peoples that die from false thoughts and the wrong life, one of the agronomy and savings, without internal truth, can not be saved. The article is notable for the aspiration of the author to associate the issues of historical and cultural and moral and ethical issues with the issue of economic, which is considered from clear anti-magnification positions.

📖 Rare sample of Solovyov's autobiographical prose. Of interest is equal to the author's desire to convey (with a large fraction of irony) as a psychological attitude of the hero and its philosophical and public ideals.

📖 There was an inner, spiritual reason for the fall of Byzantium, and since she was not in the false subject of faith, because the Byzantine believed, it was true, then the cause of their death should be recognized as the false nature of their faith itself, that is, their False attitude to Christianity: they understood the true idea and applied incorrectly. The policies of the Christian state, obviously, should be a Christian policy. State power, not limited to their rights, for a decent fulfillment of their duties should be based on a double assistance: on the religious authority of an independent priesthood and on the free voice of public conscience in the face of the best people, carriers of folk future. Unlimited power requires the promotion of the other two began: religious authority and moral council.
📖 Saving will be saved. Here is the secret of progress, - the other is not and will not. Unusual for Solovyov form of parables, in which he elapsed his favorite ideas. A modern man in the hunt for young minute benefits and volatile fantasies lost the right way of life. There is a dark and uncontrollable stream of life. Time, as a woodpecker, mercilessly counts lost moments. Longing and loneliness, and ahead is darkness and death.

📖 Death of Socrates with all its drama; the fatal question is whether it is worth living when it is legally killed by the truth in its best embodiment; The decision is the meaning of life in another ideal world, and this one is the kingdom of evil and deception; The phenomenon of the sacred eruta throwing the bridge between the two worlds and the problem of their complete connection, the rescue of the lowest world, rebirth; powerless refusal to this task; the substitution of its other - transformations, the corrections of society with wise political charters through the action of obedient tyrant; And finally, under the pretext of correcting the worldly inappropriate, the solemn statement of this inadequate in the very form, which was convicted and killed by the righteous, - I do not know a more significant and deep tragedy in human history.
📖 The bad side of Nisceannia is striking. Contempt for a weak and sick mankind, a pagan look for strength and beauty, assigning a pre-exceptional superhuman value to themselves - first, alone is alone, and then a collectively, as a chosen minority "best", i.e. stronger, More gifted, lobby, or "gentlemen", with a natur, who is allowed everything, as their will have a supreme law for others, is the obvious misconception of Nizrasche. "Superman" should be primarily in particular the winner of the death - the liberated liberator of mankind from those essential conditions that make death necessary. There is a superhuman path that walked, and many will go for the benefit of everyone, and, of course, the most important of our life interest is that there are more people to enter this path, straight and continue on it, because at the end it is complete And a decisive victory over death.
📖 It is not important that in every person there are primitives and good and evil, but the fact that from two in whom cried. Evil really exists, and it is not expressed in the absence of good, but in the positive resistance and the advantage of the lower qualities over the highest in all areas of being. For the execution of the will of God and the achievement of the kingdom of God, except for conscience and the mind, something else is needed by something third - the inspiration of good, or the direct and positive effect of the best on us and in us. This culture requires that every fight between people and between nations is at all abolished. About Christmas in Churches is: "On the ground, the world, in man in favor." This means that the world on Earth will be only when the faithfulness will be. It is necessary not to pray to God, but to act in God. Sin is alone and there is a mortal - despair, because despair is born out of it, and despair is already, actually, and not sin, and the death itself is spiritual.
📖 The article was written by V. S. Solovyov a month before the death. According to the testimony of the CN. S. N. Trubetsky, its content was the subject of conversations of a solidly sick thinker: "This is a cry of my heart. My relationship is that everything is over; the highway of the general story, which was divided into ancient, middle and new, came to the end ... Professor Universal history is abolished ... Their subject loses its life importance for the present; War of the scarlet and white roses can not be able to speak more. EVERYTHING! ".
📖

📖 Epistolar heritage - the least well-known and least studied part of creativity V. S. Solovyov. A wide range of relatives, friends and acquaintances, homeless, nomadic life, literary obligations and public temperament - all this did Solovyov's tireless and relatively compulsory correspondent. His correspondence is a difficult reading: a professional writer complains of urgent work, on editors, to the printing house, for the proofreading mistakes, conducts calculations of fees; "Holy Child", the soul of society, jokes, retells secular gossip, itchizes over the domestic absurdities of his life; The publicist is indignant, having, proves; The thinker shares doubts about few elected. Among the letters of Solovyov there are also lengthy multi-page treatises, and friendly notes, and dry business papers.

Criticism:

📖 This work was conceived for the British reader as an introduction to the religious thought of Vladimir Solovyov with a conscious appeal to the modern methodology of comparative religious knowledge. At an angle of view predominantly the question of the essence of a genuine religious tradition. The author of the book thoroughly examines the views of Solovyov to the non-Christian faith systems, especially Buddhism, Taoism and Islam. He tries to approach a more accurate understanding that the thinker believed the essential content and distinguishing features of the Christian revelation. The author claims that a widespread view of Solovyov as a "peace-rising" philosopher is incorrect. Attentive reading his philosophical and theological works, together with his active employment issues of social reforms, shows that the true essence of Christianity, according to Solovyov, implies an active participation in the affairs of the "World" in its modern state and requires sincere believers, real Christians, The desires not to escape from the world, but convert it in the spirit of love and compassion, as well as in the spirit of justice.

M. V. Sabashnikova, may be partly retrospecting his late anthroposophical experience for years of youth, so recalled his firstcontrol with the ethics of Solovyov when reading the "justification of goodness":"As if golden light illuminated my soul and transformed her, and all the nature aroundi became a revelation of this light, this love. Pearl glaves onbarrels and purple on alert more crowns of birch forests withdark green firings between them, fragrant violets on brownlast year's foliage under legs, smaraga outbreaks of new greenery,breathing of a wet land and a gentle-green-blue sky, "everything appeared fromcreative words, from the same love that lives in the shower, returningcreation to his primary source. I saw around my world as somethingoriginal one. Divine word opened in global accuracy asIt opened in me itself, in my love, in my thoughts. "

The Great Russian Philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov was born in Moscow in 1853 in a large family. His father was the famous historian S. M. Soloviev, and Vladimir grew up in the atmosphere of Moscow University. He belonged to the layer of the Moscow society, which included the color of the cultural nobility and the highest intelligentsia. Solovyov soon joined the group of very talented humorists who called themselves a circle of shakespearists and have fun with the composition of funny-rhymes and parody places. The brightest of them was Count Fyodor Sologub, the best Russian poet absurdist after Kozma Prutkova. Solovyov all her life was a commitment to this art.

Vladimir Solovyov

But in science, his successes were brilliant. Already in 1875 he published his dissertation The crisis of Western philosophyopposed positivism. In the same year, he went to London, where he did not leave the British Museum, studying mystical learning about Sofia Wisdom of God. There in the reading room he had a vision, and he received a mystical commandment to go to Egypt immediately. In the desert near Cairo, he was his most important and complete vision - the image of Sofia. The journey to the desert was accompanied by fun incidents with Arabs. Characteristic for Solovyov, that in a humorous poem Three dateswritten in twenty years old, deeply lyrical and esoteric description of visions (including early, 1862) is accompanied by verses in the spirit Beppo or Don Juan..

Philosophy of alliance Vladimir Solovyov

Upon returning to Russia, Solovyov received a privat-associate professor of philosophy, first in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg. But his university career was short: in March 1881, he delivered a speech against the death penalty, in which he tried to convince the new Emperor Alexander III not to execute the killers of the Father. He motivated this by going "despite all the calculations and considerations of earthly wisdom, the king will be at the height of superhuman and the Divine itself will show the divine origin of the royal power." Despite such motivation, Solovyov had to leave the university.

In the eighties, Solovyov developed the idea of \u200b\u200buniversal theocracy, which brought it closer and closer to Papal Rome. He went to Zagreb and became close to the Catholic Bishop of Strosmayer, once in 1870 protested against postulate papal infallibility, But by this time, an already obedient servant of the Vatican. Solovyov's works of this period are collected in the French book La Russia. ET L'Eglise Universelle (1889); Here he occupies an extremely pro-religious position, protecting and infallibility of the Pope, and immaculate conception, depicting the papacy as the only bastion of true Orthodoxy for centuries and rejecting the Russian church for subordinating to the state. Such a book could not appear in Russia, but abroad she became a sensation. However, Solovyov never became Catholic and the definition of "new Russian man", given to him by the French Jesuit D'Erbini (in the book Un NEWMAN RUSSE.), completely incorrect. Book La Russia. ET L'Eglise Universelle It was the culmination of the Obrist Moods of Solovyov. They soon went on decline, and in their last work Solovyov outlined the final unity of Christian churches as a union between the three equal churches - Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant, - where Roman dad is only primus Inter Pares. (first among equal).

At the end of the eighties and in the nineties, Solovyov led the energetic struggle against the nationalist policy of the Government of Alexander III. These articles greatly raised his reputation in liberal areas. At the same time, his mystical life continued, although Sofia's vision after Egypt ceased. In the nineties, Mystizism Solovyov became less orthodox and accepted the form of a strange "mystical novel" with the Finnish Lake Saima, rejectedly reflected in his poetry. He also knew the devilish visits: there is a story about how the devil was attacked on him in the Cosmoty Beast. Solovyov tried to expel him, saying that Christ was resurrected. The devil answered: "Christ can be resurrected as much as you like, but you will be my victim." In the morning, Solovyov found lying on the floor without conscious. In the last year of his life, Solovyov entered into correspondence with the provincial newspaper Anna Schmidt, who believed that she was the embodiment of Sofia, and Solovyov was the embodiment of the personality of Christ. Solovyov's answers were externally humorous, and in fact sympathetic - he took her worship.

Three mystical dates of Vladimir Solovyov

But his mystical life was little known to his contemporaries. He was known only as a philosopher idealist and liberal controversy. The latter so raised him in the eyes intelligentsiaThe Radical Publishers of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus-Efron invited him to edit the philosophical department, which thus began to be carried out in the spirit opposite to agnosticism and materialism. Solovyov had many devotees who developed his philosophical views. The first of them were brothers-princes Sergey and Evgeniy Trubetsky.

In 1900, Solovyov published his last and from the literary point the most important essay - Three conversations about war, progress and late world history, with the attachment of the story about the antichrist. Talk were immediately recognized as masterpieces, but Tale of Antichrist caused some perplexity of his strange concrete faith in this character. Solovyov by that time was too tense mental, spiritual and mystical life. He went to relax in the estate of Trubetsky estate near Moscow, narrow. There, July 31, 1900, he died of general exhaustion.

Philosophy. Cribs Malyshkin Maria Viktorovna

85. Philosophy V. S. Soloviev

85. Philosophy V. S. Soloviev

Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (1853-1900) is the founder of Russian, Christian philosophy as a distinctive holistic direction of thought. Central in the teachings of Solovyov is the idea of \u200b\u200b"the evergenous". The need for the principle of unity (integrity) is due to the fact that all items and phenomena do not exist separately from each other and each of them has a combination of certain parties, connections, etc. Even our universe, V. Solovyov notes, not "Chaos of scattered atoms ", A is a single, connected integer.

Hence, it follows that, comprehending the truth in its theoretical activity, a learning enthusias should take importance not only in his reality, but also in its integrity, versatility, that is, strive to know "everything in everything".

"The unconditional unity" (as the perfect synthesis of truth, good and beauty) is comprehended by Solovyov, only "solid knowledge." One-piece knowledge is the synthesis of theology, philosophy and experienced science. The center of each of these elements is respectively the absolute creature (God), the overall idea and real fact. Only such organic synthesis of these components is a solid truth of knowledge as such.

The philosopher believed that the constant cooperation of countries in the field of science, technology, etc. makes one of the cultural humanity, which really, at least involuntarily, lives one common life. Specific countries and nationalities should exist and develop in their peculiarities as "living organs of humanity", without which his unity would be empty and dead.

From the point of view of V. Solovyov, the general direction of the world-historical process consists in a consistent increase (extensive and intense) real - although not always aware of - solidarity between all parts of the human race. The actual movement of history consists in creating and constant improvement of life forms, in the transfer of diverse "cultural principles" - economic, religious, scientific, philosophical and others.

This text is a familiarization fragment.

Essay first. Nearest followers of VL. Solovyov's closest followers of Solovyov were Princes Sergey and Yevgeny Trubetsky. However, both of them were distinguished by major philosophical giving, and their following Solovyov was not blind, but critical. Nevertheless, they

8. Metaphysics of unity V. S. Solovyova Vladimir Sergeevich Soloviev (1853-1900) - philosopher, poet, publicist, critic. Son historian S. M. Solovyova. The philosophical and poetic creativity of Solovyov became the spiritual basis for the subsequent Russian religious metaphysics,

The main features of the philosophy of "Unity" ll. Solovyov Bl. C. Solovyov (1853-1900), son of the historian S. S. Soloviev, received brilliant home training and education in the spirit of the requirements of the Orthodox faith; He graduated from the Historical and Philology Faculty of Moscow University, where and

Introduction Turnstanding period Solovyov

Solovyov's death soon after our stay in the Mountain Monastery has been completed, Solovyov joined the group of people who dedicated her life to finding the truth, which I mentioned. Of course, I gave him the necessary recommendations. He became a full member of this

6. Philosophy V. S. Solovyova and S. N. Trubetskoy a major representative of the XIX Religious Philosophy. It is Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (1853-1900). According to S. N. Bulgakov, his philosophy is "the most comprehensive chord" in the history of domestic philosophical thought. Great

The justification of the truth as a philosophical idea of \u200b\u200bVL. Solovyov It is believed that Solovyov assumed to supplement the "justification of good" the works of the "excuse of beauty" (the contours of which were outlined in a number of his articles on art and aesthetics) and the "justification of the truth" (the beginning

Teaching B.c. Solovyov about the virtues in the New European Philosophy The role of virtue as an ethical category is significantly reduced, it is inferior to the categories of freedom of will, debt and good. The situation changes from the second half of the XIX century. One of the experiments of rethinking the teachings about

Chapter 2. Dictionary Vladimir Solovyov as I said in the previous chapter, our philosophers, trying to understand what kind of reason and the mind went to the mind not to your own people, but to Western philosophy, believing that she thought about it anymore, which means , and knows better. Therefore, they

§ 4. The ideal of solid knowledge from V.S. Solovyov The idea of \u200b\u200ba holistic reason was developing in his own way in the last quarter of the XIX century. and VS Solovyov. He also in the main thing has the nature of criticism, namely the criticism of the distracted began (realizing this is not only the content of the doctoral

Molding and apocalypse (the religious philosophy of Vl. Solovyov) I Vladimir Solovyov is one of the most charming and most gifted Russian people of the last quarter of the last century. And at the same time, one of the most original. True, in the first years of his literary

(-), the largest Russian religious philosopher, poet, publicist.

Grandfather's grandfather was a priest. Solovyov told S. M. Martynova that before his death grandfather introduced him to the altar and before the throne blessed to the ministry of the Church.

Childhood. First phenomenon of Sofia

"... lamps in front of icons; Strict execution of rites; visiting the church on Sundays; reading the lives of saints; Russian poems and fairy tales - these are the early impressions of his childhood.<...> Having read the lives of saints, the boy imagined himself ascetic in the wilderness, at night I dropped off my blanket and Merz "in the glory of God""," So describes K.V. Mochulian religious life in the family S.M. Solovyov.

Study in the gymnasium. Religious crisis

Year - enters the 5th Moscow Gymnasium.

At the age of 13, he recognizes N. I. Kareyev, which does not believe more in power. At the age of 14 ceases to go to church; For four years, extremely elongated, the most fierce atheism. He later wrote (in 1896): " Because of childhood, engaged in religious objects, I aged 14 to 18 years old passed through various phases of theoretical and practical denial».

Student years. Philosophical quest. Religious appeal

At the end with the gold medal of the gymnasium in Solovyov entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University, on the division of natural sciences.

At the lecture, he rarely and did not support relationships with students. " Solovyov as a student did not exist, - recalled his fellow students N. I. Kareyev, - and he had no comrades for the university».

At the same time, he met with a passionate spirit of A. N. Aksakov and for some time turned into a "writing medium". Subsequently, he was fascinated by the occult and theosophy.

By the 16th year, he already begins to understand the inconsistency of materialism and is looking for a more integral worldview. In his philosophical development, the decisive role belongs to Spinoz.

The young philosopher is completely freed from dogmatism and through the Kantian gurnoology comes to the conclusion that knowledge does not contradict faith and that science is compatible with religion. The study of Kant was for the Solovyov school of philosophical discipline of thought, but the theory of knowledge, formally allowing him to seek God, could not satisfy these quest. The god of Kant was not a living god, but an abstract concept, "the postulate of practical reason." And Solovyov rapidly "fell in love" in Schopenhauer. He found he, according to Lopatina, "" Satisfaction I have never silent religious needs in it, religious understanding and religious attitude towards life. " Schopenhauer opened his eyes: This truth is Nirvana. For some time, Solovyov becomes a Buddhist and with passion is given to the study of the eastern religions.

Then new colors. Solovyov studies the system of German idealists: Fichte, Schelling, Hegel. Hegel he was poisoned for life, without noticing it.

Finally, Solovyov gets acquainted with the positivism of Auguste Kont. He sees the completion of all Western philosophy. Refusal to know the essence of being, limiting the field of knowledge of the world of phenomena, that, in his opinion, the centuries-old development of European thought ends.

Classes of natural science and philosophy lead Solovyov to a pessimistic conclusion: neither experienced knowledge nor the abstract thought is not able to satisfy the metaphysical demands of the human spirit.

He came to consciousness that the "true life" opens in Christianity and became a "flame-believer Christian."

This domestic fracture was expressed in the fact that in the year, from the 3rd year of the Physico-Mathematics Faculty, he moved to the Free History and Philology and the Faculty of Faculty and in June of the year he leases the candidate exam.

And again the Solovyov-Christian goes along the way leading to charms. In May of the year, he rides in Kharkov and in the car accidentally gets acquainted with a young lady, experiencing an outbreak of passion, and then a mystical experience ("Now just I realized that there is God in man").

"Unfortunate young man Solovyov! - exclaims prof. THEM. Andreev - No one told him that he was hiding in the poetic, disjoint and radiant romantic erotic, the Dark and Smrochy Lick of Satan!"And adds:" Solovyov, becoming a Christian, did not come to the Orthodox Church".

The spiritual struggle, which took place at this time in Solovyov, was reflected in his physical condition. He complains of letters to the "neuralgic disorder", avoids society, leads "Held Life": Looks little attend; Works, locked in myself in the monastery hotel. For the "understanding" of Christianity, he needed to study the history of the ancient religions, the eastern and western fathers of the church.

In the preface, the author determines his understanding of "distracted principles": " This is the essence of private ideas (singular parties and elements of the all-ever idea), which, being distracted by the whole and approved in their exclusivity, lose their true character and plunge the world of human at that state of mental disorders in which he is accurately located" This "distracted basis" Solovyov contraved the idea of \u200b\u200b"positive alliance" in life, knowledge and work.

After receiving the doctoral degree of Solovyov, he lectured at the University of St. Petersburg and at Bestuzhevsky courses as a privat-associate professor.

Fracture in life: talking about the death penalty

After the murder of Alexander II (March 1), Solovyov said speech at the top women's courses (March 13), which she graduated from the decisive condemnation of the Russian revolutionary movement. " If a person, - he finished speech - not destined to return to the brutal state, the revolution based on violence is deprived of future».

On March 26 and 28, Solovyov read two lectures in the hall of the loan company. The second is on the topic: "Criticism of modern enlightenment and crisis of the world process" - played a decisive role in his fate. In it, Solovyov expressed the idea that the emperor should penetrate the Christian beginning of pity for the insane villain and forgive them.

After reading the lecture, the Petersburg garde wanted to sternly punish him. The Minister of Internal Affairs - M. T. Loris Melikov wrote Alexander III a report note, which indicated the inappropriateness of the punishment of Vladimir Solovyov in view of him to all the famous deep religiosity and in view of the fact that he was the son of the largest Russian historian, the former rector of Moscow University. Alexander III found Vladimir Solovyov "Purest Psychopaths", wondering where the "myilest" his father, S. M. Solovyov, such a son, whom K. P. Victoronians called "insane". And it remains without serious consequences.

In 1885, Solovyov corresponds to the Catholic Bishop of Strosmayer, who blesses him to serve the case of "Churches". " From this compound-puses Solovyov, - dependent fate of Russia, Slavs and the whole world". He believes that the catholic church is the keeper of the universal idea.

Memories of contemporaries, characteristics

"Solovyov was an unusually complex and rich in kind; He walked along different ways with freedom, often boring with her husband, constantly changed, then slowly, then sharply and unexpectedly. It seemed that his genuine face was never open for anyone.<...> ... disharmony goes from the depths, she was in the nature of Solovyov, in all his work, tormented him all his life. He did not know how to find a real language for his mystical experience, because until the end of his life did not trust him."