Is it possible to pick spring mushrooms or is it worth waiting for the autumn mushroom season, how to pick mushrooms in the forest? You can always pick mushrooms in the forest, the main thing is to understand mushrooms and know which mushroom appears at what time, so as not to confuse it with a poisonous one. Those who do not know when to pick mushrooms should learn a simple rule: mushrooms can be picked from May to late autumn. And also remember what kind of mushrooms grow in the forest at a certain period of time. The spring and summer months are great times to hike in the forest to pick mushrooms.

When to pick mushrooms in spring

The beginning of the mushroom season begins in early spring, when the very first spring mushrooms appear in the forest. They are eagerly awaited by mushroom pickers hungry for a quiet hunt. What kind of mushrooms appear in the forest in spring and when to pick them?

• When to pick mushrooms Morels

Morels are harvested in late April or early May. Morels grow mainly in deciduous forests, because they love fertile soil. Mushrooms of category 3, therefore, before stewing, frying or freezing morels, it is necessary to soak in three times the volume of water for at least 20 minutes and then rinse thoroughly under running water.

• When to pick mushrooms Raincoats

After morels comes the time of raincoats. You can find raincoats in glades, meadows and even on roads. Raincoats appear immediately after rain. Fried young raincoats are very tasty. They must be used on the day of collection. In Italy, they are considered the best mushrooms. In our country they are little known and undeservedly referred to the fourth category.

• When to pick mushrooms Champignons

Champignons begin to meet in May and their mushroom season lasts until autumn. So the question of when to pick mushrooms is a rhetorical one. For your information, champignons are good both fried and in soup, because they have a pronounced mushroom aroma. Champignons also contain special substances that destroy cholesterol plaques.

When to pick mushrooms in summer

Summer mushrooms are considered the most valuable. When the summer is rainy, then even in hot weather the variety of mushrooms is so rich that it is simply impossible to list them. All types of mushrooms that can be found in the forest in summer form their fruiting bodies until autumn. Many of them grow until autumn, but mushroom pickers love to collect them in the summer.

What mushrooms to pick in June

In June, boletus and boletus are most likely to be found in the forest. In addition, June is rich in russula and summer mushrooms. In the shady forests at the end of June, there are a lot of chanterelles and boletuses. Many mushrooms can be found in the meadows and forest edges. There are still pigs and bitters in the forest at such a time. And after wandering you can meet the king of mushrooms - a white mushroom.

• When to pick mushrooms Boletus

In June, boletus mushrooms can be collected in the forest, which grow mainly in birch groves. All brown birch trees are edible mushrooms and differ slightly in nutritional quality. Boletus mushrooms are good in every way in soup, in gravy, fried, in pies. They are also tasty in the marinade. Appears in the first half of summer in June, but most boletus is harvested from the second half of August to late autumn. Boletus is the closest relative of the porcini mushroom.

• When to pick mushrooms Boletus

Boletus among tubular mushrooms after white takes the second place, in terms of food qualities it belongs to the 2nd category, it is eaten in boiled, fried, dried and pickled form. It is also the fastest growing mushroom. It is one of the most widespread and well-known edible mushrooms. It is impossible to confuse this elegant mushroom with others, it also has no resemblance to any poisonous mushroom. Therefore, to the question of what mushrooms to pick in June, the answer is obvious - aspen mushrooms.

• When to pick mushrooms Butterlets

The oil is collected in coniferous forests. It got its name because of the oily, slippery to the touch cap. It is used in soups, fried, salted, pickled, in sauces and garnishes, rarely used for drying, but also suitable. Butter mushrooms are relatively early mushrooms and can be collected in cleared pine forests from the first days of June. This period lasts no more than two weeks. Then the boletus disappears and reappears somewhere in the second half of July, and grow en masse from mid-August and the first half of September.

• When to pick mushrooms White mushroom

Since the end of June, a porcini mushroom appears. The porcini mushroom grows both in deciduous forests and in conifers, prefers to be friends with spruce, pine, oak and birch. It is fried and boiled fresh in soups, stewed in roasts; they dry and then prepare soups, borscht, bake pies, make mushroom caviar. Porcini mushrooms are pickled and made into various snacks. White mushroom is considered the most delicious and healthy mushroom. The porcini mushroom is harvested from mid-June to the end of September, the most massive harvest is in the second half of August.

What mushrooms to pick in July

In July, as a rule, they pick mushrooms for pickling and pickling? July is the month of the harvest of mushrooms. Milk is a great option for pickling, especially yellow. Volzhanki and whites appear in July, which are only slightly inferior to the milk mushroom. You can please yourself with the taste of saffron milk caps, of which you can collect a lot in July. Ryzhiki are great in cooking.

• When to pick mushrooms Milk

Families meet. Real milk mushrooms grow mostly on sandy soil, in oak, birch, pine-birch forests. Most productive in July-August. Yellow milk mushrooms are harvested until October in spruce forests. Milk mushrooms are mushrooms of the first category. Only salted ones are used. Before salting, they are soaked for at least three days in cold water, which is changed at least twice.

• When to pick mushrooms Ryzhiki

Many mushroom pickers put pine or pine mushroom in the first place. It can be found in young pine trees that grow along the grassy edges of older pine forests. Ryzhik is a mushroom of the first category, one of the most delicious mushrooms. It is used salted, canned and pickled, retaining its bright orange color when salted. The mushrooms can be harvested from late July to late October.

• When to pick chanterelle mushrooms

Edible mushrooms with good taste but low nutritional value. Chanterelle is common in all forests of the temperate zone of the Old World. The cap of the chanterelle is convex or flat, funnel-shaped by maturity, with a thin often fibrous edge, smooth. Chanterelles are used pickled, salted, can be fried without prior boiling. Fruiting from July to October, often in large groups.

What mushrooms to pick in August

The end of August is the most mushrooming season. In August, you certainly won't have to think about when to pick mushrooms. You can do this all August and early September. What are the mushrooms in August? All of the above mushrooms remain relevant for collection in August, but do not collect overgrown ones. Young mushrooms, fresh, not bitten by insects, are suitable for food. If the mushroom is wormy, throw it out boldly.

• When to pick mushrooms Autumn mushrooms

Autumn honey agaric (real) - a popular and very productive mushroom grows in large groups from late August to late autumn on stumps, roots, dead and living trunks of deciduous, mainly birch, less often coniferous trees, sometimes in thickets of nettles. Honey mushroom is good for cooking hot dishes, drying, salting, pickling. For hot dishes, these mushrooms must be boiled for at least 30 minutes.

• When to pick mushrooms Volnushki

Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under birches. A widespread mushroom and very productive. The first layer of waves and violins appears at the end of July, simultaneously with the flowering of heather, the second layer - from the end of August. Volnushki need to be able to cook. They are eaten only salted. Before salting, the mushrooms need to be soaked for three to four days, changing the water each time. After that, rinse well and salt with spices.

• When to pick mushrooms russula

The russula grows in almost all forests, glades, forest edges, but prefers roadsides and rare young birch forests without undergrowth. The first russula are harvested in June, but in August these mushrooms have the most fruitful season. The russula with green and yellow caps are considered the most delicious. The russula are boiled, stewed in sour cream sauce, fried, pickled, dried and salted. Boil the mushrooms for 5-7 minutes.

Safety rules for picking mushrooms

Rules for collecting mushrooms and preserving the reproduction of mycelium when collecting mushrooms:

• If you want to see a rich harvest of mushrooms next time coming to a famous place again, follow the rules of mushroom picking. Now that you know when to pick mushrooms, respect nature's gifts. When collecting mushrooms, spare the mycelium: carefully cut the mushroom with a knife at the base and in no case pull it out of the ground.

Safety rules for mushroom pickers:

• Without identifying the mushroom, it is better not to cut it off - treat mushrooms with caution, because the mushroom is a very insidious product. Mushrooms should be picked only by familiar ones - those in which you are sure.
• If the summer is rainy, then the mushrooms are saturated with water and become unusable. You should not dry these mushrooms, they still lose their taste and begin to release toxins.
• Upon returning home, you should sort out the mushrooms, and immediately, without delay. After sorting out the mushrooms, put them in cool salty water for an hour, this will drive out unnecessary guests.
• Mushrooms must be carefully processed and cooked reliably!

How to pick mushrooms correctly

• The mushrooms are harvested early in the morning before the sun warms them up. In this case, they can be stored for a longer time.
• Do not pick up old, overgrown mushrooms. They accumulate products harmful to humans and absorb foreign substances from the environment.
• The collected mushrooms are immediately cleaned of adhering soil, leaves, needles, grass and other debris. Put the mushrooms in the basket with the caps down - this way they are better preserved.

Mushroom picker equipment

So when do we open the mushroom season and what equipment do we need? When you go to pick mushrooms, you will certainly need a good sharp knife, because it is better for them to cut mushrooms without disturbing the mycelium itself, as well as a comfortable long stick (indispensable when looking for mushrooms) to pick up or rake foliage with it, as well as a basket or basket

Experienced mushroom pickers know that you need to take with you to the forest:

• basket for mushrooms;
• mushroom knife;
• a stick for finding mushrooms;
• a first aid kit with plaster and disinfectants;
• water and sandwiches;
• electronic GPS navigator;
• phone with a charged battery (emergency phone number 112)

Now we know when to pick mushrooms, figured out how to pick mushrooms correctly, learned the safety rules when picking mushrooms, we know which mushrooms to pick in the summer, and stocked up on mushroom pickers' equipment. We looked at the calendar of the mushroom picker and are ready to go into the forest for mushrooms. It remains to refresh the information on how to distinguish mushrooms. It's no secret that many poisonous mushrooms are disguised as edible ones. So, let's figure out how to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible ones.

How to distinguish edible mushrooms

• How to collect porcini mushrooms

Description: White mushroom will be distinguished by a thick and dense stem, brown cap, white flesh, pleasant taste and smell. White mushroom is easy enough to distinguish from poisonous.
Danger: discoloration at the break, bitter taste. Do not confuse white mushroom with poisonous yellow - its flesh turns pink at the cut.

• How to collect Boletus mushroom

Description: Boletus boletus is distinguished by a dense, brown-red cap, the flesh turns blue at the break. This is how the edible boletus mushroom can be distinguished from other mushrooms.
Danger: the mushroom does not grow under its own tree.

• How to collect mushrooms Boletus

Description: Boletus boletus is distinguished by a white leg with bright scales, the cap is brownish above, the cap is white below, the flesh at the break is white. These are the main differences between an edible mushroom, so they distinguish edible boletus from inedible mushrooms.
Danger: the mushroom does not grow under its own tree.

• How to collect mushrooms Butterlets

Description: The butter dish (boletus) has a yellow stem and the same cap with white marks along the edges and a sticky, as if oiled, skin on top, which can be easily removed with a knife. Learn to distinguish between poisonous mushrooms.
Danger: discoloration at the fracture, reddish spongy layer, bitter taste.

• How to collect mushrooms Mokhoviki

Description: Flywheels have a dark green or reddish velvet cap, yellow stem, and a spongy layer. These are the main signs by which you can distinguish edible mushroom mushroom from inedible mushrooms.
Dangerousness: lack of velvety, reddish color of the spongy layer, bitter taste.

• How to collect chanterelle mushrooms

Description: The chanterelle is dense, apricot or light orange in color, the plates from under the cap smoothly transition to a dense and strong leg. A way to distinguish edible chanterelle mushroom from inedible mushrooms.
Danger: red-orange color, empty leg.

• How to collect mushrooms Ryzhiki

Description: Ginger is a lamellar mushroom of the corresponding color, secreting milky juice - orange and not bitter in taste So to distinguish edible mushroom mushroom from mushroom twins.
Dangerousness: white, bitter, acrid milky juice.

• How to collect mushrooms Honey mushrooms

Description: Honey mushrooms hatch in small families on stumps, roots, trunks of dead trees. The ocher-colored mushroom cap is covered with small black scales directed from the middle, under it there are whitish plates, on the leg there is a white ring or film.
Dangerousness: grows on the ground, the cap is yellow or reddish, without scales, black, green or brown plates, there is no film or ringlet on the leg, an earthy smell.

• How to pick mushrooms for mushrooms

Description: Milk mushroom is a lamellar mushroom, white, with fluffy edges, white and acrid milky sap, growing in flocks next to birches. This is how you can distinguish the mushrooms from poisonous and inedible mushrooms.
Danger: rare plates, sharp blue discoloration and stone hardness at the fracture, the absence of birches nearby.

• How to collect mushrooms Volnushki

Description: Volnushka is a lamellar mushroom with a shaggy pink cap, curved around the edges, white and acrid milky juice. it distinctive features waves.
Danger: "wrong" hat - not pink, unfolded, without furry.

• How to collect mushrooms russula

Description: Russula - lamellar mushrooms, break easily, caps different color - pink, brownish, greenish, the skin is easily removed from them. This is how you can distinguish edible russula mushrooms from inedible ones.
Danger: red or brown-black cap, pink stem, reddened or darkened soft film on the stem, rough and tough flesh, unpleasant and bitter taste.

Mushroom picker calendar

The phenological calendar of a mushroom picker will come to the aid of novice mushroom pickers. The mushroom picker's calendar shows the most popular mushrooms and the period when to pick these mushrooms in the forest. Of course, it all depends on the region and the weather in each season, however, the mushroom picker's calendar gives some of the useful knowledge when to pick mushrooms. You will also find it useful

What mushrooms to collect	When to pick mushrooms
	april	may	june	july	august	september	october
Morels	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
Stitching	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
May mushroom	-	+	+	-	-	-	-
Oyster mushroom	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Meadow mushroom	-	-	+	+	+	+	-
Boletus	-	-	+	+	+	+	-
Granular butter dish	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Summer mushroom	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
The chanterelle is real	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
White mushroom	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Boletus	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Deer	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Thorny raincoat	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Common champignon	-	-	+	+	+	+	-
Field champignon	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Valui	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Funnel talker	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Mushroom umbrella white	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Mushroom umbrella variegated	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
Real milk	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Poddubovik	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Ivishen	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Podgruzdok white	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Podgruzdok black	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
The pig is fat	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Russula yellow, food, etc.	-	+	+	+	+	+	-
Flywheel green	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Hericium yellow	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Ring cap	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Larch oil can	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Pink hair	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Black milk	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
Gingerbread spruce green	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Pine mushroom	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Gray talker	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Late oiler	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Winter mushroom	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Loading black and white	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Polish mushroom	-	-	-	-	+	-	-
Autumn oyster mushroom	-	-	-	-	-	+	-
Row gray	-	-	-	-	-	+	-
Autumn line	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Autumn honey agaric	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Row purple	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Greenfinch	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Gigrofor brown	-	-	-	-	-	+	+

Now you know when to pick mushrooms.Well, don't hesitate. The end of June is a great time to pick young mushrooms suitable for delicious meals. While you can still amuse yourself with delicious mushroom food, and for the other two summer months, feel free to pick mushrooms for pickles and pickling! Happy quiet hunting!

Before moving on to the story of the places where porcini mushrooms grow, it will not be superfluous to mention that the phrase "porcini mushroom" is a collective one, and implies not one specific fungus, but several. Their number, as it turned out, is not limited to ten. In total, there are 18 subspecies, 4 of which are even trying to be defined as independent, separate species. Most of these mushrooms belong to the Borovik genus, but by a happy coincidence, among the "noble" ones, there was also one "sent Cossack" from the Obabok clan (white boletus) - because of the light color of its cap. For the average mushroom picker, this information may seem scientifically boring, if not completely useless, but it significantly explains why porcini mushrooms grow in a variety of forests - from conifers to deciduous ones.

Porcini forest

The variety of forests in which porcini mushrooms grow is explained by the fact that their different subspecies "conclude" an alliance - and very mutually beneficial - with a variety of trees. And they grow exactly where these trees are.

It would seem that to search for places where boletus should be led by fat herds, it is enough to write down the list of trees to which they gravitate and drag it with you on out-of-town outings. But no - due to picky to the conditions, the lion's share of all varieties of porcini mushroom turned out to be noticeably "picky" than the same limbs and other aspen mushrooms. Give them not only "their" symbionts (and - of a certain age), but also a specific soil, as well as characteristic heat and humidity conditions. That is why porcini mushrooms do not grow anywhere, but only in special forests. We will now consider them in detail.

Coniferous forests

Let's start, of course, with conifers, for these forests are most dominant in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere of the planet, especially in the extreme northern part of it. Moreover, they are the most characteristic landscape where porcini mushrooms grow.

Pine forests

Photo 2. Mountain pine forest rich in porcini mushrooms.

Such forests are usually found pine mushroom, entering into symbiosis, it is clear with which tree, less often - with spruce and other (including deciduous) species. It differs from the rest of the boletus in its sugary brown cap and leg, sometimes also having a brownish tint. Loves the soil with sand, or loamy, but in no case waterlogged. That is, the mushroom definitely avoids swamps and damp lowlands, preferring dry forests to them. In a mountainous area he loves to "climb" higher - there, you see, the conditions for him are the best.

It is possible to calculate the places where pine porcini mushrooms grow, not only by digging the forest soil with a shovel and discovering grains of sand under the half-rotten litter. The main landmark is moss (sphagnum) or lichen "pillows". Mushrooms usually appear here, especially if there are small gaps in the trees, which are warmer by the sun than other surrounding areas. They can also be found along the edges of meadows, clearings, and along the sides of forest roads.

I will give an example from my personal mushroom practice, when I managed to come across a whole "field" of porcini mushrooms, where they grew like cucumbers in a greenhouse and almost climbed on top of each other. It was a clearing bordering the forest and the river, and it was completely covered with moss and reindeer lichen. From one square meter of this place, a bucket of mushrooms was picked up in an instant, and in total we managed to cut a dozen of such buckets. How we then dragged this wealth, and how we dragged it home in general - the topic of a separate story. I will only say one thing - for the first time I felt everything in full negative traits own greed.

Spruce, fir or spruce-fir forests

Photo 4. Spruce-fir forest.

Grows here spruce white mushroom... Outwardly, it is almost indistinguishable from the pine boletus, except that the color of its cap is slightly less saturated. By the way, this mushroom is a typical species, and therefore - it is the very "real white mushroom".

Photo 5. Here he is - a handsome man, a typical representative of porcini mushrooms. Grew up on a sphagnum moss pillow.

The growing conditions of the spruce boletus actually correspond to its pine counterpart, with the exception that the former is more inclined to spruce.

Just like the previous mushroom, the spruce boletus loves sandy or loamy, not waterlogged soils, and moss-lichen litter.

Deciduous forests

There are noticeably fewer of them than coniferous forests, but this does not prevent them from occupying a very decent area. Deciduous forests are more developed in the southern area, in the north they are usually rare.

Bereznyaki

Photo 6. Bereznyak. The place of growth of the birch variety of the porcini mushroom.

It's funny, but the true porcini mushroom here also managed to form a subspecies - birch boletushe is spikelet (this name is due to the fact that this mushroom appears exactly at the time of earing of rye).

Unlike the previous varieties, the spikelet has the lightest cap, is not so picky in the type of soil, and grows almost everywhere, except perhaps avoiding outright swamps and peat bogs. It is very widespread and numerous, for which we especially adore the admirers of the "quiet hunt". In fact, it can be in any birch forest, preferring the edges and borders between overgrown and open areas.

There are three signs by which you can accurately determine whether porcini mushrooms grow in a birch forest. First of all, these are grass bumps. Or in the popular way - white-grass grass.

Photo 8. Where such grass bumps are found, porcini mushrooms will certainly grow.

Two other signs are neighbor mushrooms. Amanita muscaria and chanterelle. As a rule, both of them accompany the porcini mushroom, and even begin to bear fruit with it at about the same time.

Dubravy

Photo 9. A small oak grove with a slight admixture of birch and dark coniferous species (the eastern border of English oak growth).

The area is not quite typical for the Urals, nevertheless - and it is worth mentioning, because, after all, we have small oak forests in the south-west, and this is the territory where porcini mushrooms of the oak variety grow. However, this variety is controversial - some scientists distinguish it as an independent species - boletus bronze... It differs from the previous ones in the darkest color of the cap, sometimes it even has a black, mold-like plaque. In France, this fungus is popularly called the "head of a negro".

Photo 10. Oak "porcini mushroom", it is bronze boletus, it is also "the head of a negro".

It grows in warm forests, gravitates towards the southern regions. It is rare or absent in mountainous areas. According to rumors, it comes across in our country, but very rarely.

Elm woods

Elm trees, they are ilmovniks. There are also such. A specific breed of porcini mushrooms that prefers these particular forests has not yet been noticed. Nevertheless, occasionally in these forests there are pine and spruce varieties, and sometimes birch varieties are also found.

Scientists from mycology unanimously say that it is difficult for porcini mushrooms to form symbiosis with an elm tree due to some specific nuances of the biology of this tree. Therefore, they are so rare there, and if they are found, then in small quantities.

I want to add the only thing: ilmovniki are those forests where porcini mushrooms do not grow. No matter how I wandered in these places, I have never seen boletus mushrooms, although some other edible mushrooms still came across there.

Another thing is when the elm grows mixed with lindens and birches, and even with fir and spruce. But this is already -

Mixed forests

Which I mentioned for a reason, because their share among our forests is very significant. So, it is in them that you most often come across large clusters of porcini mushrooms. What this is connected with is unknown. I only assume that the "hodgepodge" of symbiont trees somehow provides the mushrooms with the best growing conditions. Perhaps the original undergrowth of mixed forests has some influence here.

Although ... In mixed forests, there is often such a tree as birch, and therefore - there is everything for the growth of a birch variety of porcini mushroom - the most numerous of all. Maybe it provides the "productivity" of mixed forests?

Something about the minimum age of trees

It has been noticed that the older the forest, the more virgin and primitive it is, the more chances there are to come across large clusters of porcini mushrooms. But in young forest plantations, you will most likely be with lumps, but not with whites. For the latter require a huge time interval (according to some sources - from 20 to 50 years) to form a well-developed mycelium, capable of bearing fruit on a maximum scale. Although, small yields of whites are sometimes found in relatively young woods, but the fact is that it is small.

conclusions

Well, now is the time to take stock of all of the above. So, where porcini mushrooms grow, there:

1. There are birches, pines, spruces, firs and oaks. And also - other trees, but the number of mushrooms here will be noticeably less.
2. The age of the trees is "adult", that is, at least 20 years, but better - older.
3. In relatively dry, not wetlands.
4. Along the borders of forest and open areas, in places where trees are less common.
5. In the mountains.
6. On sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils.
7. Where mosses (sphagnum, cuckoo flax) and lichens grow on the ground.

Knowing these seven rules, you can safely go into the forest and quite successfully discover the places where porcini mushrooms grow. However, I strongly recommend that you be observant, record any interesting moments and draw your own conclusions regarding the places where mushrooms grow. And the more often you walk through the forest, the more secrets and secrets it will reveal to you. And you will always return with full baskets.

Yes! Just don't forget to sharpen your knife well.

For lovers of "quiet" hunting, the mushroom season begins in early summer and lasts until late autumn. And rarely do they return home without a "catch". The main thing is that the summer is not dry and hot, but periodically pleases them with drizzling rains.

Mushroom picker calendar

Everything in nature is interconnected. And even mushroom picking is no exception. Bird cherry blossoms - boletus trees appear. The first thunderstorms will thunder, rye will be thundered in the field - aspen boletus will immediately jump out. When the fragrant linden blossoms and the aroma of honey spreads, a second, more varied wave of mushrooms will appear. But the richest mushroom season is undoubtedly the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. But when are porcini mushrooms harvested?

They grow from late June to October, but if the summer is humid and warm, they can be found earlier. Folk calendar says that the first boletus is harvested when rye is ripe. And when the linden blossomed, it was time for the second collection of boletus.

Mushroom well done

Like most other mushrooms, it has many names: boletus, belovik, wheatgrass, hare, pechura, cowshed. The names do not reflect the beauty of this young mushroom. Dense and strong, with a dry, rounded cap in shades ranging from ocher brown to brownish red, it seems to be intended only to be admired. It is not in vain that many lovers of "quiet" hunting collect these mushrooms under the count.

White mushrooms. Where to collect them

According to the place of growth, boletus mushrooms are divided into birch, oak, spruce and pine. For each pore, the porcini mushroom chooses its favorite place.

White birch trees appear first in early June in well-heated places, together with boletus boletus and some other mushrooms. At this time, there are ears of grain in the field, therefore they are called spikelets among the people. In July, in the first decade, it is time for mushroom hunting in the oak forests. White oak mushrooms are friendly: they are found in whole families. Later, but also in July, white birch trees appear again. They are called "stubblers" because the harvest begins in the field. Look for such white ones in a sparse birch forest. At the end of July and the beginning of August, spruce whites emerge from the ground. They are found in young plantings of Christmas trees, and also in where there are many birches and spruces. For spruce trees come white pine, dark-headed - they already grow until the end of the season, prefer the edges or meadows with sparse ferns, overgrown with bushes and rare pines.

So when are porcini mushrooms picked? The picking times for various mushrooms are approximate. First of all, they depend on climatic conditions. Of course, warm and moderately rainy weather will allow mushrooms to appear earlier than average, and cold or too dry weather will delay the time of their collection.

White mushroom. When to collect it

With the morning dawn. It is good to pick the mushrooms in the early morning, before the dew has fallen, and before the sun warms them. Then the mushrooms are stored for a longer time. Heated by the sun, laid in a basket or bucket in a thick layer, they begin to deteriorate quickly - they become wet and slippery, emit an unpleasant odor. They are not recyclable.

Some more tips on when to pick porcini mushrooms. Boletus grow best in warm steamy weather, the most suitable temperature for this is not lower than 16 and not higher than 25 degrees, when the soil is well saturated with moisture. Warm drizzling rain promotes the growth of fungi. By the way, the first boletus, which pop up a couple of days after such a rain, are most often wormy, and real mushroom growth, strong and pleasing to the eye, will appear a little later. So you need to know when porcini mushrooms are picked in order to return from a "quiet" hunt with a basket full of handsome boletus.

On the one hand, mushrooms are very similar to plants, on the other, they do not contain chloroform, but are not able to independently produce nutrients under the influence of sunlight, they do not give flowers and do not take root. Therefore, like animals, they need ready-made organic substances.

Types of mushrooms

The mushroom world is very diverse, there are more than one hundred thousand species of mushrooms only registered, and this is far from the limit. Among them are the usual edible and inedible inhabitants of forests and fields, and microscopic subspecies - yeast, bacteria, mold.

In the visible (terrestrial) fungus, spores ripen - microscopic particles, which, upon further ingestion into the nutrient medium, give life to new fungi.

In fact, a mushroom is not at all what people are used to seeing on the surface. A mushroom is primarily a mycelium, or mycelium - a web of grayish-white threads. The mycelium is located underground, and in the case of microscopic fungi, on the surface of the nutrient medium. It is the mycelium that carries out all metabolic processes inside the fungus. What appears on the surface is a part of the fungus, its fruiting body, the main function of which is.

Mushroom growth

When the mycelium does not meet any obstacles in its path, it spreads in a circular manner from the place where the spore grew, constantly increasing the radius. In Russian forests, mycelium grows by an average of 15-20 centimeters per year and can last up to 20-30 years. The fruiting bodies of mushrooms themselves grow and develop quickly and are very short-lived.

The fungus grows to an acceptable size in just 3-6 days, and only lives for a couple of weeks.

For the existence and development of any kind of fungi, first of all, water is needed. Therefore, in a dry climate, mushrooms do not grow, but after heavy rains, on the contrary, they become more active. Microscopic subspecies do not need water, but raw nutritious ones, so they often coexist with a relative - mold, which allows mycelium to grow.

Each vegetation zone has its own specific mushroom flora. The reason for this is that most types of mushrooms need a certain set of mineral elements and nutrients, and, therefore, they take root only on certain types of soil, have a characteristic color and appearance.

So, as a rule, they grow among dense pines, honey agarics are most likely to be found in a deciduous forest or in open meadows, meadows, and they usually go in search of an open area. It is not for nothing that some mushrooms even got their names from the trees with which they most often adjoin - aspen, boletus. Although some mushrooms can adapt to almost any environment.

Nature connoisseurs do not need to explain what mushrooms look like. Experienced mushroom pickers can immediately distinguish an edible specimen from a poisonous one. However, not every fan of "quiet hunting" knows how mushrooms grow in the forest and how they reproduce. Meanwhile, the process of mushroom growth is unique and amazing in its own way.

How mushrooms reproduce

A common and familiar to many forest mushrooms consists of a leg and a cap. The leg of this fruiting body is connected to the mycelium, which resembles an interlacing of threads. The fungus is located in the litter of the soil, which often includes dying plant parts or other organic matter. Mushroom filaments branch freely, and in the stem of the mushroom and in its cap they fit tightly to each other.

The filaments become channels through which nutrients from the soil enter the cap. The lower part of the cap contains plates or tubes that contain spores. These cells are found in the mushroom in huge numbers, their number sometimes reaches tens of millions. As the spores mature, they spill out of the storage facilities, after which they are freely spread through the forest by wind, animals or insects.

When the spores find themselves in a favorable environment for them, they begin to germinate persistently, forming an independent mycelium, consisting of the finest white filaments. Typically, the mycelium lies a few centimeters from the soil surface. In order for future mushrooms to actively grow and develop, they need air flow and a stable positive temperature.

How forest mushrooms grow

Most forest mushrooms have a perennial mycelium, which is adapted to adverse environmental conditions, drought and frost. The growth of fungi freezes if there is a lack of moisture in the soil, but the development of the fruiting body does not stop completely. Young mycelium is much less resistant to frost, which has a detrimental effect on developing fungi. A strong and early cold snap can completely stop the growth of the fruiting body.

When the mycelium reaches sufficient development, the direct formation of the future fungus begins. The threads are gradually intertwined with each other, at first they turn into small lumps, from which the leg and cap are then formed. Young mushrooms reach medium size in 4-5 days. A week later, the process of decay of the reproductive part of these forest inhabitants begins. So mushrooms are rather short-lived inhabitants of the forest.

The growth rate of fungi is directly influenced by humidity, soil and air temperature, the nature of the area where the mycelium is formed. Boletus, boletus and russula are gaining strength most quickly. Porcini and aspen mushrooms fully ripen in about a week. But chanterelles grow relatively slowly. In young mushrooms, spores are also formed, which themselves become the source of a new mycelium. The development cycle is repeated - to the delight of mushroom pickers.

Since ancient times, the porcini mushroom has been considered the most valuable and delicious mushroom of all those mushrooms that grow in the forest. The head of a mature porcini mushroom reaches a size of 7 to 30 cm, in some cases it can be larger. The flesh is quite strong and has a fleshy consistency. If you cut a porcini mushroom, the color on the cut does not change, which makes it possible to distinguish it from a similar twin of a poisonous mushroom. The leg of the mushroom reaches a height of 8 to 24 cm, and on average is 11-13 cm, the thickness of the leg of the porcini mushroom is on average 7 - 8 cm.

WHEN TO PICK WHITE MUSHROOMS

When is it worth picking a porcini mushroom in the northern temperate climate of Russia? In this case, the porcini mushroom grows from mid-June to the end of September. We recommend that you familiarize yourself

When is it worth picking a porcini mushroom in the warm climate of Russia? In this case, the porcini mushroom can be found from mid-May to October.

Although in some cases the timing and season of picking porcini mushrooms may be postponed depending on climatic weather conditions.

When does porcini mushroom grow the most? The most massive collection of porcini mushrooms is considered to be the period from mid-August to early September. It was during this period that the bulk of the mushroom pickers went out to hunt and gather for porcini mushrooms, and knowing the mushroom places, they return home with a full basket.

WHERE TO PICK WHITE MUSHROOMS?

It is worth collecting and looking for porcini mainly in forests dominated by coniferous species, spruce, pine, it is also good if these forests are mixed with oak and birch.

To find a porcini mushroom, it is necessary to give preference to deciduous forests with trees from 50 years old, and in pine forests with a pine forest of 20-30 years old.

It is necessary to collect the porcini mushroom at the very peak of its growth, which falls on an air temperature of 15 to 19 degrees in the presence of small rare precipitation. If the air temperature fluctuates strongly between day and night and precipitation is very frequent, it will be more difficult to collect the porcini mushroom, since this climate prevents its growth.

Look for and collect porcini mushroom on sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils, since it is in such places that the porcini mushroom grows best, but you should not look for it on wet and swampy soils, it practically does not grow there. We recommend that you familiarize yourself

Given that the porcini mushroom is very fond of light, then it is worth looking for it in the illuminated areas of the forests, although in good fruitful years it can also be found in an unlit and even very dark area of \u200b\u200bthe forest.

COMMENTS FROM OUR READERS

Aleksey: I really like to pick mushrooms, but, unfortunately, I find porcini mushrooms very, very rarely. Maybe they don't grow in our area, or maybe I just don't know how to look for and collect them. Tell me where the porcini mushroom grows and how to collect it correctly?

Navalny: Start looking for porcini mushrooms in July, try to pay attention and look for it in the forests where as many pine trees grow as possible. In such forests, I found them most often, I do not know why, but white mushroom grows more on moss in a pine forest than in other places.

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