Who viewed a person as a spiritual being. Development of a social studies lesson "man as a spiritual being"
Lesson 7
Man as a Spiritual Being
(continued)
Purpose: to form an idea of \u200b\u200bstudents about the role of worldview in human life.
Lesson type: learning new material.
During the classes
I. Work on the topic of the lesson.
The spiritual world of a person (human microcosm) is an integral and at the same time contradictory phenomenon. This is a complex system, the elements of which are:
1) spiritual needs for knowledge of the surrounding world;
2) knowledge about nature, society, man, himself;
3) beliefs, firm views based on a worldview, and defining human activity in all its manifestations and spheres;
4) belief in the truth of those beliefs that a person shares;
5) the ability to various forms of social activity;
6) feelings and emotions, in which the relationship of a person with nature and society is expressed;
7) the goals that a person deliberately sets for himself;
8) values \u200b\u200bthat underlie a person's relationship to the world and to himself, giving meaning to his activities, reflecting his ideals.
Values are the subject of human aspirations, are the most important moment of the meaning of his life.
- Do you think that values \u200b\u200bchange throughout history or remain unchanged? What influences their change? Give examples.
Modern civilization has developed a common human values, which are based on humanism. Common human values \u200b\u200breflect the spiritual experience of all mankind and create conditions for the realization of common human interests, ensure the full existence and development of each individual.
An important element of a person's spiritual world is his worldview.
Worldview - a set of human views on the world that surrounds him, certain moral ideas, beliefs, attitudes, inherent in the individual and used as a foundation in building relationships with the outside world.
Worldview - a set of generalized views on objective reality and a person's place in it, on people's attitudes to the surrounding reality and themselves, as well as the beliefs, principles, ideas and ideals caused by these views.
The worldview affects the norms of behavior, the attitude of a person to work, to other people, to the nature of his life aspirations, to everyday life, tastes, interests.
Our worldview is shaped by the people around us and the experience that our elders pass on to us. In the family, the child learns to walk, speak, understand the world around him, tries to understand good and evil, learns the simplest rules of behavior.
- Is there a generational conflict? What is its reason? Can it be overcome?
Young people should be understood and respected by those around them, remembering that old wisdom directs youthful vigor, and youthful vigor and strength supports old wisdom. One should not completely abandon the experience of ancestors, forget ancient traditions and customs, laugh at the old ideas. Only those people are able to preserve themselves and be happy who honor their history, take the best from it and learn from past mistakes.
The spiritual world of the individual expresses the inextricable connection between the individual and society. A person enters a society that has a certain spiritual foundation, which he will have to master in life.
Work in g r u p p a x.
The task:
1st group - from. 45, No. 5 (questions for self-examination);
2nd group - from. 45, No. 6 (questions for self-examination);
3rd group - from. 45, No. 7 (questions for self-examination);
4th group - from. 45, No. 8 (questions for self-examination).
II. Consolidation of what has been learned.
Assignment. Having studied p. 40–44, write out what role the worldview plays in the activities of people.
Homework: § 4.
Man as a product of biological, social and cultural evolution
The appearance of man
Scientific research of human origins (Darwin, Engels); 20c. - concept of human biosocial nature
Today, research into anthropogenesis is going in three directions:
connection with geological processes, comparison of the stages of human evolution with the stages of evolution of the earth's crust (restoration of the missing links of evolution to the modern species)
biological prerequisites and genetic mechanisms of evolution of human ancestors in accordance with the emergence of ex. signs (bipedal locomotion, use of hands as hands, development of speech and thinking, etc.)
Clarification of the general theory of anthropogenesis as a complex process of interaction of biological and social factors.
Beginning of formation
ramapithecus(14-20 million years ago) - savannah, tools
australopithecines(5-8 million years ago) - selected and partially worked tools
skillful man(Homo habilis) (2 million years ago)
homo erectus(Homo erectus) (1-1.3 million years ago) - hunting tools, fire, mb speech
reasonable man(Homo sapiens) (150-200 thousand years ago)
on the stage cormagnets(40-50 thousand years ago) - close to modern people in physical. appearance, intellect.
Could: organize a team. activities, building houses, making clothes, using highly developed speech, had an interest in beauty, a sense of compassion, etc.
In general, the theory of anthropogenesis 20c. singled out work as a leading factor in the formation of man and human society. But then there were changes, they added to the work:
speech development
consciousness
the formation of moral ideas
Only all together provide social development and find their embodiment in culture.
The purpose and meaning of human life
Distinctive feature human - striving for a philosophical understanding of life. Searching for the meaning of life - a purely human occupation.
Subjective side: Why, in fact, does a person live? - does not have an unambiguous solution, everyone decides it individually.
Objective side(independent of man) - the awareness of the unity of man and mankind with all living things on the planet - is of great ideological importance.
In the history of philosophy, two approaches to the problem of the meaning of life can be distinguished:
The meaning of life is associated with the moral principles of man's earthly existence.
The meaning of life is associated with values \u200b\u200bthat are not directly related to earthly lifewhich itself is fleeting and finite.
The positions of some philosophers
Aristotle... The meaning of life is happiness.
Renaissance... The meaning of life is in human existence itself.
Classical German philosophy ( Kant and Hegel) - connected the meaning of a person's life with moral quest, self-development and self-knowledge of the human spirit.
Fromm(20th century) - there are two types of people. One needs to take, have. Others - to create, love, give, sacrifice oneself.
Man like biological individual being mortal. At the same time, the individual has the possibility of the eternal, i.e. about endless existence socially... As long as the human race exists, as long as there is a person.
Human sciences
consider it in four dimensions:
Biological... Biology, genetics.
Mental. Psychology
Social. Social psychology, sociology, mythology, religion, philosophy, law, politics, mysticism, cultural studies.
Cosmic... Mythology, religion, astrology, philosophy.
Man as a Spiritual Being
The concept of the spiritual life of people encompasses all the richness of feelings and achievements of reason. A person who has a highly developed spiritual life has an important personal quality - spirituality (striving for the height of ideals). A person whose spiritual life is poorly developed is spiritless. So, spirituality is the highest level of development and self-regulation of a mature personality. At this level, the highest human values \u200b\u200bbecome the motive and meaning of H's life. The assimilation of certain values \u200b\u200b(truth) creates value orientations.
H, being a social being, obeys certain rules, this is a necessary condition for the survival of the human race. The established rules and regulations are designed to protect the interests and dignity of each individual person. The most important are the norms of morality. Morality is a system of norms, rules governing communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of common and personal interests. The norms and rules of morality are formed naturally and are derived from mass everyday practice.
The moral attitudes of the personality were investigated major philosophers... One of them is Kant. He formulated the categorical imperative of morality - this is an unconditional compulsory requirement that does not allow objections, obligatory for all people. The categorical imperative and the "golden rule" affirm the personal responsibility of H for the acts committed by him. In addition to direct norms of behavior, morality also includes ideals, values, categories.
The ideal is perfection, the highest goal of human striving, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe highest moral requirements, of the most sublime in humanity. Values \u200b\u200bare what is most dear and sacred both for one person and for all humanity. Values \u200b\u200breflect H's attitude to reality, to other people, to himself. On the basis of the values \u200b\u200bthat people accept and profess, human relations are built, priorities are determined. Values \u200b\u200bcan be legal, political, religious, artistic, professional, moral. The most important moral values constitute a system of value-moral orientation H, inextricably linked with the category of morality. Moral categories are of a pair-relative nature, for example, good and evil.
Also one of the most important moral categories is conscience. Conscience is the ability of a person to cognize ethical values, independently formulate his moral duties, and exercise moral self-control. There is no morality without conscience. Patriotism is one of the most important values. This concept denotes the value attitude of H to his homeland. The qualities of citizenship (and the feeling of love for the motherland and responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, the awareness of oneself as a full citizen) are also associated with patriotic guidelines.
Moral principles are not inherent in W from birth; he must develop some of them in himself on his own. Self-education in the field of morality - self-control, the presentation of high demands on oneself in all types of activities.
Worldview is a holistic view of nature, society, human being, which is expressed in the system of values \u200b\u200band idials of the person, social group, society. There are different classifications of worldview types:
some of the philosophers give priority to God (theocentrism)
nature (nature-centrism)
H (anthropocentrism)
But the most common is the following classification of types of worldview.
everyday (arises in the life of H in the process of his activity)
religious (a worldview based on religious teachings)
scientific (scientific picture of the world, generalized results of the achievements of human cognition, the accepted relationship of H with the habitat)
The worldview gives H guides and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities. It is the worldview that makes it possible to understand how best to achieve the outlined benchmarks and goals, equips them with methods of cognition and activity. Based on the value orientations contained in the worldview, Ch is able to determine the true values \u200b\u200bof life and culture. It is in the worldview that the understanding of the world, good and evil, beauty and ugliness is contained.
Topic: Man as a Spiritual Being
Performed
Yakunina E.N. history and social studies teacher
MOU SOSH № 1r. P. Pachelma
Purpose: the formation of students' moral guidelines, a humanistic worldview, citizenship and general culture.
Tasks:
- developing an understanding of the concept of "spirituality";
- formation of communicative, informational, sociocultural competence, own position;
- education of moral and spiritual values.
What is spiritual world person?
- In scientific use, the concept spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of reason, unites the assimilation of accumulated spiritual values \u200b\u200bby mankind and the creative creation of new ones. A person who has a highly developed spiritual life, as a rule, has an important personal quality: his spirituality means striving for the height of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activity, therefore, some researchers characterize spirituality as a morally oriented will and mind of a person. The spiritual characterizes not only consciousness, but also practice.
- On the contrary, a person whose spiritual life is poorly developed soulless unable to see and feel all the diversity and beauty of the surrounding world.
- Spiritual life is something that uplifts a person, fills his activity with deep meaning, contributes to the choice of correct guidelines. It requires constant enrichment through communication and especially by referring to the works of Russian and foreign philosophers, sacred books of world religions, masterpieces of Russian and world fiction, music, painting.
What is morality? Who sets moral standards?
- Morality is a system of norms, rules governing communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests.
- I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage; may you have no other gods before me.
- Do not make yourself an idol and no image of what is in the sky above, and what is on the earth below, and what is in the water below the earth; do not worship them and do not serve them, for I am the Lord your God, a jealous God, punishing children for the guilt of fathers up to the third and fourth generation, who hate Me, and showing mercy to a thousand generations to those who love Me and keep My commandments.
- Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not leave without punishment the one who utters His name in vain.
- Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy; work six days and do all your deeds in them, and the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God: do not do any deed there, neither you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your servant, nor your maidservant, nor [your will neither thy donkey, nor every] thy cattle, nor the stranger that is in thy gates; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.
- Honor your father and your mother, that it may be good for you and that your days may be prolonged in the land that the Lord your God gives you.
- Dont kill.
- Do not commit adultery.
- Don't steal.
- Do not bear false testimony against your neighbor.
- Do not covet your neighbor's house; do not covet your neighbor's wife, nor his field, nor his servant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor any of his livestock, nor anything that is with your neighbor.
- Do not associate with Allah another deity (Qur'an, 17:22).
- Honor your parents (Quran 17:23).
- Give to others what is due to them (Qur'an, 17:26).
- Treat orphans with affection (Quran 17:34).
- Be faithful in measure when weighing and weighing with correct scales (Quran, 17:35).
- Keep Your Promises (17:34).
- Do not kill your children for fear of impoverishment (Qur'an 17:31).
- Do not kill the soul that Allah has forbidden, otherwise than by right (Quran, 17:33).
- Do not approach adultery (Qur'an, 17:32).
- Do not follow what you have no knowledge of (Quran, 17:36).
- Do not walk proudly on the earth (Qur'an 17:37).
- Do not waste your wealth recklessly, but stick to the middle (Qur'an, 17:26, 27).
The "golden rule" of morality
- It reads: "Act towards others as you would like others to act towards you."
The task: choose one of the statements that are closest to your beliefs each. Write a short essay in your notebooks using the outline you already know
- The surest way to stay poor is to be an honest person.
Napoleon Bonaparte
- There are a thousand ways to be a very bad person without breaking a single law.
Germaine de Stael
- Do not think that a person who acts in accordance with his convictions is already a decent person. It is necessary to check whether his beliefs are decent.
Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
- One of the most common and most disastrous temptations is the temptation to say, "Everyone does it."
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
- 1. Carefully study the statement, understand its content
- 2. Formulate the problem
- 3. Uncover the attitude of the author of the statement to the problem (2-3 sentences)
- 4. Argument your position (2-3 arguments)
- 5. Draw conclusions
The task: on this slide, you see a table in which only the left side is filled. Using the material in the paragraph on pages 37-39 find definitions for these terms.
Ideal
Values
Conscience
Patriotism
Citizenship
ANSWER
unconditional compulsory demand (command), which does not allow objections, binding for all people, regardless of their origin, position, circumstances.
Ideal
perfection, the highest goal of human striving, the idea of \u200b\u200b\\ u200b \\ u200bthe highest moral requirements, the most sublime in a person
Values
what is most dear is sacred both for one person and for all mankind. Values \u200b\u200breflect a person's attitude to reality (to certain facts, events, phenomena), to other people, to himself.
The most important moral values \u200b\u200bthat make up the system of human value-moral orientation, inextricably linked with the categories of morality, are of a pair-relative (bipolar) nature, for example, good and evil.
Conscience
the ability of an individual to learn ethical values \u200b\u200band be guided by them in all life situations, independently formulate their moral obligations, exercise moral self-control, be aware of their duty to other people.
Patriotism
the value attitude of a person to his Fatherland, devotion and love to the Motherland, his people
Citizenship
socio-psychological and moral qualities of a person combining a feeling of love for the Motherland and responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and the awareness of oneself as a full-fledged citizen with a set of rights and obligations
A worldview is a holistic view of nature, society, a person, which is expressed in the system of values \u200b\u200band ideals of an individual, social group, society.
Ordinary (everyday)
Religious
Scientific
WHAT AFFECTS THE WORLD VIEW?
Tongue to
Culture
History of the people
WHAT AFFECTS THE WORLD VIEW?
What role does the worldview play in the activities of people?
- Firstly, gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities.
- Secondly, it is the worldview that allows people to understand how best to achieve the designated guidelines and goals, equips them with methods of cognition and activity.
- Thirdly, a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values \u200b\u200bof life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person's activity in achieving his goals from what has no real meaning, is false or illusory.
Each worldview has its merits and demerits
Types of worldview
Advantages
Ordinary worldview
disadvantages
relies on direct human experience
close connection with the world cultural heritage, an orientation towards solving problems related to the spiritual needs of a person, the desire to give a person faith in the possibility of achieving their goals.
makes little use of the experience of other people, the experience of science and culture, the experience of religious consciousness as an element of world culture
Scientific worldview
sometimes manifested intransigence towards other positions in life, insufficient attention to the achievements of science, and sometimes their ignorance.
solid scientific substantiation, the reality of the goals and ideals contained in it, organic connection with the production and social activities of people
man has not yet taken his rightful place in the scientific worldview
- Our time allows a person to make worldview self-determination. But it should be remembered that an ordinary worldview leaves a person at the level of everyday worries and does not give him sufficient grounds for orientation in a complex and rapidly changing modern world... Everyone chooses what, in his opinion, helps him to live.
Anchoring (test)
- 1. A popular composer is working on a new song dedicated to protecting the world. What kind of activity is illustrated by this example?
1) spiritual
2) economic
3) political
4) social
- 2. Man is a unity of three components: biological, mental and social. The social characteristics of a person include
1) age features
2) racial differences
3) manifestations of heredity and variability
4) spiritual ideals and values
Think
- 3. Insert the missing word in the diagram:
Secondary (acquired needs)
social
prestigious
Do not hurry!
- 4. From the examples given, select those that relate to the spiritual activity of a person
- material production activities
- cognitive activity
- social transformative activity
- predictive activity
- value-oriented activity
- 5. Spiritual values \u200b\u200binclude:
1) microscope
2) computer
3) scientific discovery
4) television
Correctly correlate
- 6. The worldview is formed under the influence of:
A. Personal experience.
B. Cultural environment.
1) A and D are true
2) true А В Г
B. Education and training.
D. Psychological personality traits.
3) C and D are true
4) true A B C D
Choose right
- 7. The ability of a person to moral self-control is called:
1) conscience
2) persuasion
3) talent
4) etiquette
- 8. The foundation of the spiritual life of society is:
1) cognition
2) art
4) culture
- There are many different opinions about morality and ethics - about the fact that the end justifies the means, and that the winners are not judged. Probably those who think so have the right to do so.
- Everything can be forgiven, but not the perversion of those higher truths, to which humanity has so hard reached. (L.N. Tolstoy)
Homework
- 1. Paragraph 4 of the textbook, task 1-4.
- 2. On the Internet, find a definition of the concept of "humanistic worldview"
Lesson number 7-8
Social Studies, 10
Man as a Spiritual Being
D.Z .: § 4, ?? (p. 45), tasks (p. 45-46)
© ed. A.I. Kolmakov
Lesson objectives
- the formation of students' moral guidelines, a humanistic worldview, citizenship and general culture;
- developing an understanding of the concept of "spirituality";
- formation of communicative, informational, sociocultural competence, own position;
- education of moral and spiritual values.
Concepts, terms
- SPIRITUAL WORLD;
- SPIRITUAL ORIENTATIONS OF PERSONALITY: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS, CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE MORAL CATEGORIES, WORLD VIEW AND TYPES OF ITS CLASSIFICATION
Know and be able to
Be able to:
- tell your opinion;
- work with the text of the textbook;
- answer the questions posed;
- define the concepts: spiritual guidelines, ideal, patriotism, citizenship, worldview;
- explain the essence of the worldview.
REPEAT PASSED
WHAT HAS BEEN BEFORE: PERSON OR SOCIETY?
HISTORICALLY FORMED SUSTAINABLE FORMS OF JOINT ORGANIZATION, REGULATED BY REGULATIONS AND TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS AND AIMED ON SATISFACTION OF SOCIETY'S NEEDS.
FIVE SOCIAL NEEDS
REPEAT PASSED
THE MEANING OF LIFE IN HUMAN EXISTENCE.
THE MEANING OF LIFE: POINTS OF VIEW
SELF-REALIZATION, SELF-CREEPING
THE PURPOSE OF LIFE IS HAPPINESS
HAVE…
GIVE AWAY
How is a spiritual person different from a non-spiritual person?
Does the ship have a helmsman named "personality"?
Are there people who do not have a worldview?
Learning new material on questions
- Man as a spiritual being.
- Spiritual life of a person.
- Worldview.
- Personal value guidelines.
- Patriotism and Citizenship.
THE SPIRITUAL WORLD OF HUMAN.
THE INNER SPIRITUAL LIFE OF A MAN, WHICH INCLUDES KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, FEELINGS, AND ASCULATIONS OF PEOPLE
SPIRITUAL WORLD
HIGH DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL LIFE BRINGS TO HUMAN HIGH PERSONAL QUALITIES
SPIRITUALITY - THIS IS THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-REGULATION OF A MATURE PERSON. EVERY SPIRITUAL WORLD IS INDIVIDUAL.
WHO SETS THE STANDARDS?
YOU CAN ANSWER THIS YOURSELF: WHAT IS STOPPING YOU IN A CHOICE SITUATION?
LET'S BACK TO HISTORY:
- GREAT PEOPLE - CONFUCIUS, BUDDHA, MOSES, CHRIST.
- "GOLDEN RULE OF MORALITY:" ACT IN RELATIONSHIP TO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD LIKE THAT OTHERS ARE TOWARDS YOU "
- - NORMS AND RULES OF MORALITY FROM EVERYDAY PRACTICE
MORALITY - THIS IS A SYSTEM OF NORMS, RULES REGULATING COMMUNICATION AND BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE ENSURING PUBLIC UNITY
AND PERSONAL INTERESTS.
SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF THE PERSONALITY: MORALS, VALUES, IDEALS.
HUMANITY HAS DEVELOPED THE BASIC MALAL BANKS AND REQUIREMENTS: DO NOT KILL, DO NOT STEAL, SPEAK THE TRUTH, ETC.
KANT FORMULATED - CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE-
UNCONDITIONAL COMPULSORY CLAIM NOT ALLOWING OBJECTION, OBLIGATORY FOR ALL PEOPLE « GO ALWAYS
ACCORDING TO SUCH A MAXIMUM, WHICH IN THE UNIVERSALITY AS A LAW YOU MAY DESIRE AT THE SAME TIME.
"DO NOT DO TO ANOTHER WHAT YOU DO NOT DESIRE YOURSELF"
MORAL ATTITUDES OF PERSONALITY STUDYED BY PHILOSOPHERS
SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF THE PERSONALITY: MORALS, VALUES, IDEALS.
IN ADDITION TO DIRECT STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR, MORALITY INCLUDES: IDEALS, VALUES, CATEGORIES (MOST GENERAL, FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS)
IDEAL - THIS IS PERFECTION, THE HIGHEST GOAL OF HUMAN STRIP- MODELING A HUMAN DESIRED FUTURE.
VALUES - REFLECT WHAT IS MOST VALUABLE FOR HUMAN BEINGS. ON THEIR BASIS PEOPLE MAKE A DECISION. VALUES CAN BE LEGAL, POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, ARTISTIC, PROFESSIONAL, MORAL.
IDEAL AND
VALUES
SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF THE PERSONALITY: MORALS, VALUES, IDEALS.
GOOD AND EVIL
Virtue and vice.
THE MOST IMPORTANT MORAL CATEGORY IS – CONSCIENCE
THE PERSONALITY'S ABILITY TO FULFILL ETHICAL VALUES, TO BE GUIDED BY THEM IN LIFE SITUATIONS AND TO EXERCISE MORAL SELF-CONTROL.
IMPORTANT VALUES - PATRIOTISM AND CITIZENSHIP
THE MOST IMPORTANT MORAL VALUES IN THE SYSTEM ARE RELATED TO CATEGORIES OF MORALITY
FORMATION OF MORAL BEGINNINGS AND SELF-EDUCATION
HOW DOES THE FORMATION OF MORAL INITIATIONS IN A PERSON: NATURALLY OR CONSCIOUSLY
MORAL QUALITIES INHERENT TO A MAN FROM BIRTH
POINTS OF VIEW
REPRESENTATIVES OF EASTERN PHILOSOPHY-
MAN BEING EVIL
MORAL QUALITIES ARE FORMED IN THE FAMILY, IN COMMUNICATION, SCHOOL, IN THE PROCESS OF SELF-UPBREAKING, WHERE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SELF-CONTROL
WORLD VIEW AND ITS ROLE IN HUMAN LIFE.
-THEOCENTRISM,
NATURE CENTRISM,
ANTHROPOCENTRISM,
SOCIOCENTRISM, SCIENTIFIC CENTRISM.
NEXT CLASSIFICATION:
- ORDINARY WORLD VIEW OR ZHITEYSKOE- BASED ON PRACTICE.
ITS WEAKNESS - LACK OF USING THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHER PEOPLE.
RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK :
BASIS IN RELIGION. WEAKNESS IN INTENCILITY, IGNOR OF ANYROVIE SCIENCE.
SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW - SCIENTIFIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD, INSUFFICIENT ATTENTION TO THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN
WORLD VIEW- THIS IS A WHOLE CONCEPT OF NATURE, SOCIETY, HUMAN, EXPRESSED IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES AND IDEALS OF A PERSONALITY, SOCIAL GROUP, SOCIETY
Historical types of worldview
Mythology
Historically, the first type of worldview, or a way of forming worldview ideas, arises at the stage of the formation of human society. This worldview is characteristic of the primitive communal system and early class society.
Religion
it is a way of mastering reality through its doubling into natural, earthly, this-worldly and supernatural, heavenly, other-worldly. The religious worldview differs from the mythological in the way of spiritual mastery of reality.
philosophy
A feature of the philosophical worldview has become abstract-conceptual, and not sensory-figurative, as in other types of worldview, the form mastering reality. The difference between the philosophical worldview and the mythological and religious is not in the form, but in the content of the assimilation of reality.
THE ROLE OF THE WORLD VIEW IN THE ACTIVITIES OF PEOPLE.
THE WORLD OUTLOOK GIVES A MAN ORIENTATIONS AND GOALS IN HIS ACTIVITIES
WORLD VIEW
THE WORLD VIEW HELPS A PERSON HOW BETTER TO REACH GOALS.
E VALUE-BASED WORLD VIEW DETERMINES TRUE VALUES
PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS.
1. Spiritual life - this is what elevates a person, fills his activity with deep meaning, contributes to the choice of the right guidelines. It requires constant enrichment through communication and especially by referring to the works of Russian and foreign philosophers, sacred books of world religions, masterpieces of Russian and world fiction, music, painting.
2. Moral self-education means the unity of consciousness and behavior, the steady implementation of moral norms in life and work. Only in the experience of good deeds and resistance to evil can we consciously carry out moral self-improvement.
3. Our time allows man to commit ideological self-determination ... But it should be remembered that an ordinary worldview leaves a person at the level of everyday worries and does not give him sufficient grounds for orientation in a complex and rapidly changing modern world. Everyone chooses what, in his opinion, helps him to live.
Document
- From the creative heritage of the Russian philosopher S.N.Bulgakov. ... In a person, two principles are incessantly fighting, one of which attracts him to the active activity of the spirit, to spiritual work in the name of the ideal ..., and the other seeks to paralyze this activity, drown out the higher needs of the spirit, make existence carnal, meager and base. This second principle is true philistinism; The philistine sits in every person, always ready to lay his mortifying hand on him as soon as his spiritual energy weakens. In the struggle with oneself, including the struggle and with outside world, and moral life consists, which therefore has as its condition this fundamental dualism of our existence, the struggle of two souls who live in one body not only in Faust, but also in every person ...
Document
- Questions and tasks to the document 1. What, according to the philosopher, is the moral life of man? 2. What is the difference between the concepts of "soul" and "spirit" in Bulgakov? 3. In what sense does the author use the words "spirit", "spiritual"? Argument your answer using text. 4. What ideas expressed in the paragraph are consonant with the ideas of the philosopher? 5. What conclusions can be drawn from this text?
test questions
1. What are the spiritual and moral guidelines of a person, what is their role in activities?
2. What is the content and meaning of the “golden rule” of morality? What is the essence of the categorical imperative?
3. What are moral values? Describe them. What is the special significance of moral values \u200b\u200bfor the citizens of our country in the most difficult moments its historical development? 4. Why is the formation of human moral qualities impossible without self-education? 5. What is the essence of a worldview? Why is the worldview often called the core of the spiritual world of the individual? 6. What types of worldview does science distinguish? What characterizes each of them? 7. What is common in the concepts of "morality" and "worldview"? What is their difference? 8. What is the significance of the worldview for human activity?
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